Introduction

Lending and interest are topics addressed in various passages throughout the Bible, reflecting the economic practices and moral considerations of ancient Israelite society. The biblical perspective on lending and interest is rooted in principles of justice, compassion, and community welfare. These principles are evident in the laws given to the Israelites and the teachings of Jesus and the apostles in the New Testament.

Old Testament Teachings

In the Old Testament, lending is often discussed in the context of helping those in need. The Law of Moses provides specific instructions regarding lending and the charging of interest, particularly among the Israelite community.

Exodus 22:25 states, "If you lend money to one of My people among you who is poor, you must not be like a moneylender to him; you must not charge him interest." This command underscores the importance of compassion and support for the poor, prohibiting the exploitation of those in financial distress.

Leviticus 25:35-37 further elaborates on this principle: "If your brother becomes impoverished and cannot support himself among you, help him as you would a foreigner or stranger, so that he can continue to live among you. Do not take any interest or profit from him, but fear your God, so that your brother can continue to live among you. You must not lend him your money at interest or sell him your food at a profit." Here, the emphasis is on maintaining the dignity and well-being of fellow Israelites, reflecting a community-oriented approach to economic transactions.

Deuteronomy 23:19-20 distinguishes between lending to fellow Israelites and lending to foreigners: "Do not charge your brother interest on money, food, or any other type of loan. You may charge a foreigner interest, but you must not charge your brother interest, so that the LORD your God may bless you in everything to which you put your hand in the land you are entering to possess." This distinction highlights the covenantal relationship among the Israelites and the expectation of mutual care and support.

New Testament Teachings

In the New Testament, the teachings of Jesus and the apostles continue to emphasize the moral and ethical dimensions of lending and financial dealings.

In Luke 6:34-35, Jesus teaches, "And if you lend to those from whom you expect repayment, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, expecting to be repaid in full. But love your enemies, do good to them, and lend to them, expecting nothing in return. Then your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for He is kind to the ungrateful and wicked." This passage encourages a spirit of generosity and selflessness, reflecting the character of God.

The apostle Paul, in Romans 13:8, writes, "Be indebted to no one, except to one another in love, for he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law." This instruction aligns with the broader biblical theme of love and community responsibility, suggesting that financial transactions should be conducted in a manner that upholds love and justice.

Conclusion

The biblical teachings on lending and interest reflect a deep concern for justice, compassion, and the well-being of the community. These principles challenge believers to consider the ethical implications of their financial practices and to prioritize the needs of others, particularly the poor and vulnerable, in their economic dealings.