The "log of olive oil" is a term found in the Old Testament, specifically in the context of the Levitical laws concerning purification and offerings. The term "log" is a unit of measurement used in ancient Israel, roughly equivalent to about one-third of a liter or a little more than a cup. Olive oil, a staple in the ancient Near Eastern diet and economy, held significant religious and ceremonial importance in Israelite culture.

Biblical References

The primary references to the log of olive oil are found in the book of Leviticus, where it is mentioned in the context of purification rituals. In Leviticus 14, the log of olive oil is part of the ceremonial cleansing of a person healed from a skin disease, often translated as leprosy. The priest uses the oil in a specific ritual to restore the individual to the community and to worship.

Leviticus 14:10-18 describes the process: "On the eighth day he must bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished year-old ewe lamb, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil. The priest who performs the cleansing shall present the man to be cleansed, along with these offerings, before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting."

The priest would take some of the log of oil and pour it into his left palm. He would then dip his right finger into the oil and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD. The priest would also apply some of the oil to the right earlobe, the thumb of the right hand, and the big toe of the right foot of the person being cleansed, symbolizing the consecration of the individual's hearing, actions, and walk.

Symbolism and Significance

The use of olive oil in this ritual underscores its symbolic significance in the Hebrew Scriptures. Olive oil was a symbol of richness, joy, and health, often associated with anointing and the presence of the Holy Spirit. The anointing with oil signified the setting apart of individuals for a holy purpose, as seen in the anointing of kings and priests.

In the purification ritual, the log of olive oil represents the restoration of the individual to a state of holiness and acceptance before God. The application of oil to the ear, thumb, and toe signifies the comprehensive nature of this restoration, affecting the person's ability to hear God's word, perform His work, and walk in His ways.

Cultural and Historical Context

In ancient Israel, olive oil was a valuable commodity, used not only for religious purposes but also for cooking, lighting, and medicinal applications. The requirement of a log of olive oil in the purification ritual reflects the importance of offering something of value to God, acknowledging His provision and sovereignty.

The detailed instructions for the use of the log of olive oil in Leviticus highlight the meticulous nature of the Levitical laws and the emphasis on purity and holiness in the Israelite community. These laws served to maintain the covenant relationship between God and His people, ensuring that they remained distinct and set apart from surrounding nations.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the log of olive oil in the purification ritual can be seen as a foreshadowing of the ultimate cleansing and anointing brought about through Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, oil continues to symbolize the Holy Spirit, who anoints believers and empowers them for service. The ritual use of oil in the Old Testament points to the greater spiritual realities fulfilled in Christ, who cleanses and consecrates His people through His sacrificial death and resurrection.