Biblical Reference:
The account of Nebuchadnezzar's dream of a great tree is found in the Book of Daniel, specifically in Daniel 4:4-37. This passage details a significant event in the life of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, illustrating both his pride and the sovereignty of God.

Context and Background:
Nebuchadnezzar was the powerful king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, known for his military conquests and the grandeur of his capital, Babylon. The dream occurred during a period of peace and prosperity in his reign, as he himself states, "I, Nebuchadnezzar, was at ease in my house and flourishing in my palace" (Daniel 4:4).

The Dream:
In his dream, Nebuchadnezzar saw a massive tree in the midst of the earth. The tree was exceedingly tall, reaching to the heavens, and visible to the ends of the earth. Its leaves were beautiful, and it bore abundant fruit, providing food for all. The beasts of the field found shade under it, and the birds of the air nested in its branches (Daniel 4:10-12).

However, the dream took a dramatic turn when a "watcher, a holy one" descended from heaven and commanded that the tree be cut down, its branches lopped off, its leaves stripped, and its fruit scattered. The stump, however, was to be left in the ground, bound with iron and bronze, amidst the grass of the field. The decree also stated that the heart of the tree would be changed from that of a man to that of a beast, and it would dwell with the animals for "seven times" (Daniel 4:13-16).

Interpretation by Daniel:
Troubled by the dream, Nebuchadnezzar called upon Daniel, known for his ability to interpret dreams through divine wisdom. Daniel, also called Belteshazzar, was dismayed by the dream's meaning but proceeded to explain it to the king.

Daniel revealed that the great tree symbolized Nebuchadnezzar himself, representing his vast empire and influence. The decree to cut down the tree signified that Nebuchadnezzar would be driven away from men and live among the beasts of the field, eating grass like an ox, until he acknowledged that "the Most High is ruler over the realm of mankind and gives it to whom He wishes" (Daniel 4:25). The stump's preservation indicated that Nebuchadnezzar's kingdom would be restored once he recognized God's sovereignty.

Fulfillment and Restoration:
The prophecy was fulfilled when Nebuchadnezzar, in his pride, boasted about his accomplishments, saying, "Is this not Babylon the Great, which I myself have built by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?" (Daniel 4:30). At that moment, a voice from heaven declared the fulfillment of the dream, and Nebuchadnezzar was driven from his kingdom, living as a beast for a period of time.

After the appointed time, Nebuchadnezzar's reason returned, and he praised the Most High, acknowledging His eternal dominion and sovereignty. His kingdom was restored, and he was reestablished in his position with even greater majesty (Daniel 4:34-36).

Theological Significance:
Nebuchadnezzar's dream and its fulfillment serve as a powerful testament to the sovereignty of God over earthly rulers and kingdoms. It underscores the biblical principle that pride precedes a fall and that humility and recognition of God's authority are essential for restoration and blessing. The narrative also highlights God's mercy and willingness to restore those who turn to Him in repentance and acknowledgment of His lordship.