Background and Context:

The account of Nehemiah inspecting the walls of Jerusalem is found in the Old Testament book of Nehemiah, specifically in Nehemiah 2:11-20. This event takes place during the Persian period, after the Babylonian exile, when many Jews had returned to Jerusalem under the decree of King Cyrus of Persia. Nehemiah, a Jewish cupbearer to King Artaxerxes I, is deeply moved by the news of Jerusalem's desolation and the broken state of its walls. With the king's permission and support, Nehemiah travels to Jerusalem to oversee the rebuilding efforts.

Scriptural Account:

Upon arriving in Jerusalem, Nehemiah spends three days before taking any public action. In Nehemiah 2:12, he states, "I set out during the night with a few men. I had not told anyone what my God had put in my heart to do for Jerusalem. There were no mounts with me except the one I was riding." This secrecy underscores the strategic and cautious approach Nehemiah employs, aware of potential opposition and the need for careful planning.

Nehemiah's inspection occurs under the cover of night, as described in Nehemiah 2:13-15: "By night I went out through the Valley Gate toward the Jackal Well and the Dung Gate, examining the walls of Jerusalem, which had been broken down, and its gates, which had been destroyed by fire." His journey continues around the city, assessing the extent of the damage and formulating a plan for reconstruction.

Significance of the Inspection:

Nehemiah's inspection of the walls is a pivotal moment in the narrative, highlighting his leadership qualities, such as discernment, prudence, and reliance on God. His actions demonstrate a balance between faith and practical action. Nehemiah's nighttime survey allows him to gather the necessary information without alerting potential adversaries or causing premature alarm among the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

Response to Opposition:

Following the inspection, Nehemiah addresses the Jewish leaders and people, sharing his vision and the support he has received from King Artaxerxes. In Nehemiah 2:17-18, he declares, "You see the trouble we are in: Jerusalem lies in ruins, and its gates have been burned with fire. Come, let us rebuild the wall of Jerusalem, and we will no longer be in disgrace." The people respond positively, strengthening their resolve to begin the work.

However, Nehemiah faces opposition from local officials, including Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite official, and Geshem the Arab. They mock and accuse Nehemiah of rebelling against the king. Nehemiah's response, found in Nehemiah 2:20, is one of faith and confidence: "The God of heaven will give us success. We His servants will start rebuilding, but as for you, you have no share in Jerusalem or any claim or historic right to it."

Theological Implications:

Nehemiah's inspection and subsequent actions underscore themes of divine providence, leadership, and community restoration. His reliance on God's guidance and his ability to inspire and mobilize the people reflect a deep trust in God's promises and a commitment to the welfare of Jerusalem. The rebuilding of the walls symbolizes not only physical restoration but also spiritual renewal and the reestablishment of Jerusalem as a center of worship and identity for the Jewish people.