Cosmetics, in the context of the Bible, refer to substances or treatments used to enhance or alter the appearance, particularly of the face. The use of cosmetics is mentioned in several passages throughout the Scriptures, often reflecting cultural practices and attitudes towards beauty and adornment.

Old Testament References

1. 2 Kings 9:30 · "Now when Jehu came to Jezreel, Jezebel heard about it, and she painted her eyes and adorned her head and looked out the window." This passage describes Jezebel, a queen known for her idolatry and opposition to the prophets of Israel. Her use of cosmetics is noted in the context of preparing to confront Jehu, highlighting the association of cosmetics with seduction and manipulation.

2. Jeremiah 4:30 · "And you, O devastated one, what will you do? Though you dress in scarlet, though you adorn yourself with gold jewelry, though you enlarge your eyes with paint, you beautify yourself in vain; your lovers despise you; they seek your life." Here, the prophet Jeremiah uses the imagery of a woman adorning herself with cosmetics to symbolize the futility of Judah's attempts to win favor and security through alliances, emphasizing the emptiness of relying on outward appearances.

3. Ezekiel 23:40 · "Furthermore, you sent for men who came from far away. When they arrived, you bathed yourself for them, painted your eyes, and put on your jewelry." In this allegory, the prophet Ezekiel describes the unfaithfulness of Jerusalem and Samaria, likening them to women who use cosmetics to entice lovers, symbolizing their pursuit of foreign alliances and idolatry.

New Testament Considerations

While the New Testament does not explicitly mention cosmetics, it addresses the broader theme of adornment and the inner versus outer beauty:

1. 1 Peter 3:3-4 · "Your beauty should not come from outward adornment such as braided hair or gold jewelry or fine clothes, but from the inner disposition of your heart, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is precious in God’s sight." This passage encourages believers to prioritize inner spiritual beauty over external adornment, suggesting a focus on character and godliness.

2. 1 Timothy 2:9-10 · "Likewise, I want the women to adorn themselves with respectable apparel, with modesty and self-control, not with braided hair or gold or pearls or expensive clothes, but with good deeds, as is proper for women who profess to worship God." The apostle Paul advises women to dress modestly and focus on good deeds, indicating that true beauty is reflected in one's actions and faith.

Cultural and Historical Context

In biblical times, the use of cosmetics was common in various cultures surrounding Israel, including Egypt and Mesopotamia. These practices often included the use of kohl to darken the eyelids, perfumes, and other beauty treatments. While the Bible does not categorically condemn the use of cosmetics, it frequently associates excessive adornment with vanity, idolatry, and moral corruption.

Theological Implications

The biblical perspective on cosmetics is intertwined with themes of modesty, humility, and the prioritization of inner spiritual beauty over external appearance. The Scriptures encourage believers to cultivate a heart that reflects God's character, emphasizing that true beauty is found in a life devoted to righteousness and service to others.2 Kings 9:30
And when Jehu was come to Jezreel, Jezebel heard of it; and she painted her face, and tired her head, and looked out at a window.
Nave's Topical Index

Jeremiah 4:30
And when you are spoiled, what will you do? Though you clothe yourself with crimson, though you deck you with ornaments of gold, though you rend your face with painting, in vain shall you make yourself fair; your lovers will despise you, they will seek your life.
Nave's Topical Index

Ezekiel 23:40
And furthermore, that you have sent for men to come from far, to whom a messenger was sent; and, see, they came: for whom you did wash yourself, painted your eyes, and decked yourself with ornaments,
Nave's Topical Index

Letter cxxx. To Demetrias.
... for battle and swords are drawn, the general's speech does ... to learn not only from
the scriptures but from ... their hair in fringes, who use cosmetics to improve ...
/.../jerome/the principal works of st jerome/letter cxxx to demetrias.htm

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