Elhanan is a biblical figure mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the context of David's mighty warriors and the battles against the Philistines. His name, Elhanan, means "God is gracious" in Hebrew. The accounts of Elhanan are found in two primary passages: 2 Samuel 21:19 and 1 Chronicles 20:5. These passages have been the subject of much discussion and comparison due to apparent discrepancies in the details they provide.

2 Samuel 21:19 :
"Once again there was a battle with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan son of Jaare-oregim the Bethlehemite struck down Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam."

1 Chronicles 20:5 :
"And there was another battle with the Philistines, and Elhanan son of Jair struck down Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam."

The primary issue in these passages is the identity of the giant whom Elhanan killed. In 2 Samuel, Elhanan is credited with killing "Goliath the Gittite," which raises questions since David is famously known for slaying Goliath in 1 Samuel 17. In contrast, 1 Chronicles clarifies that Elhanan killed "Lahmi the brother of Goliath," suggesting a different individual altogether.

Comparison and Interpretation:

1. Textual Variants and Harmonization:
· The discrepancy between the two accounts has led to various interpretations. Some scholars suggest that a scribal error might have occurred in the transmission of the text in 2 Samuel, where "Lahmi the brother of" was inadvertently omitted, leading to the confusion with Goliath.
· The Chronicler, writing later, may have had access to additional sources or traditions that clarified the identity of the slain giant as Lahmi, Goliath's brother.

2. Role in David's Military Campaigns:
· Elhanan is listed among the valiant warriors who supported King David in his military campaigns against the Philistines. His inclusion in these accounts highlights the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Philistines and the role of David's men in securing victories for Israel.

3. Theological Implications:
· The accounts of Elhanan emphasize the theme of divine assistance in Israel's battles. The name Elhanan itself, meaning "God is gracious," underscores the belief that victories were granted by God's favor and intervention.
· The narrative also serves to highlight the collective efforts of David's warriors, each contributing to the success and security of the nation under God's providence.

4. Historical Context:
· The battles against the Philistines were a significant aspect of Israel's history during the reign of King David. The Philistines were a formidable enemy, and the accounts of individual warriors like Elhanan contribute to the larger narrative of Israel's struggle for dominance in the region.

In summary, Elhanan is a notable figure in the biblical narrative, remembered for his valor in battle. The comparison of the accounts in 2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles invites readers to consider the complexities of biblical transmission and the importance of understanding the historical and theological context of these texts.1 Chronicles 20:5
And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver's beam.
Nave's Topical Index

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 6. <. ...
/.../chapter iiithe hebrews and the.htm

Questions about 2 Samuel | GotQuestions.org

Who killed Goliath, David or Elhanan? | GotQuestions.org

Who were the mighty men of David? | GotQuestions.org

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