Geographical Context:
Gebal, a region mentioned in biblical texts, is traditionally associated with an area near the Dead Sea. The name "Gebal" is often linked to the ancient city of Byblos in modern-day Lebanon, but in the context of the Bible, it is more accurately identified with a district in Edom, near the Dead Sea. This area is characterized by its rugged terrain and proximity to significant biblical sites.

Biblical References:
The name "Gebal" appears in several passages of the Old Testament, each providing insight into its historical and theological significance. In Psalm 83:7 , Gebal is listed among the nations conspiring against Israel: "Gebal, Ammon, and Amalek, Philistia with the people of Tyre." This verse situates Gebal within a coalition of adversaries, highlighting its role in the broader narrative of Israel's struggles with surrounding nations.

Historical Significance:
Historically, Gebal was part of the Edomite territory, a region often in conflict with the Israelites. The Edomites, descendants of Esau, were frequently at odds with the descendants of Jacob, adding a layer of familial tension to the geopolitical landscape. The mention of Gebal in the context of Psalm 83 suggests its involvement in regional hostilities, possibly as a participant in military alliances against Israel.

Cultural and Theological Insights:
From a cultural perspective, Gebal's inclusion in the biblical narrative underscores the interconnectedness of ancient Near Eastern societies. The alliances and enmities described in the Bible reflect the complex relationships between these groups. Theologically, the mention of Gebal serves as a reminder of the persistent challenges faced by the Israelites and their reliance on divine intervention for deliverance from their enemies.

Archaeological and Historical Correlations:
While direct archaeological evidence linking Gebal to a specific site near the Dead Sea is limited, the region's historical context aligns with known Edomite settlements. The rugged terrain and strategic location would have made it a valuable asset in ancient military campaigns. Historical records from neighboring cultures, such as the Egyptians and Assyrians, often mention Edom and its territories, providing a broader context for understanding Gebal's role in the ancient world.

Conclusion:
Gebal, as referenced in the Bible, represents more than just a geographical location; it embodies the historical and spiritual struggles of the Israelites. Its mention in the scriptures serves as a testament to the enduring challenges faced by God's people and the ultimate sovereignty of God over the nations.Psalm 83:7
Gebal, and Ammon, and Amalek; the Philistines with the inhabitants of Tyre;
Nave's Topical Index

Canaan
... Tunip, or Tennib, near Aleppo, had fallen, and both Amorites ... power did not extend
beyond the district in which ... Gebal or Byblos, still farther to the north, had ...
/.../sayce/early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter ii canaan.htm

Syria at the Beginning of the Egyptian Conquest
... and Lauisa, situated in the marshy district at the ... times they are described as dwelling
near Hebron or in ... western mountainous region about the Dead Sea and the ...
/.../chapter iisyria at the beginning.htm

Babylonia and Assyria
... Gozan in Mesopotamia, and from Gubin, which is possibly Gebal. ... The camp was fixed
near Sippara, towards the northern ... in the south, in the old district of the ...
/.../early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter vi babylonia and assyria.htm

The Medes and the Second Chaldaean Empire
... in Persia; Mardia corresponds to the mountainous district of Bebahan ... the modern village
of Mogu, near Ras-Jerd ... procure honourable burial for their dead, ie with ...
/.../chapter iiithe medes and the.htm

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