Introduction

Lukewarmness, a term often associated with spiritual indifference or complacency, is a concept that finds its roots in the biblical narrative, particularly in the messages to the seven churches in the Book of Revelation. Pergamos, one of these seven churches, is addressed in Revelation 2:12-17. While the term "lukewarm" is more directly associated with the church of Laodicea, the church in Pergamos also faced challenges that can be understood in the context of spiritual compromise and a lack of fervor.

Historical and Cultural Context

Pergamos, also known as Pergamum, was a prominent city in Asia Minor, known for its wealth, culture, and political significance. It was a center of pagan worship, housing temples dedicated to Zeus, Athena, and other deities. The city was also home to a significant altar to Zeus, which was considered one of the wonders of the ancient world. This environment posed significant challenges for the Christian community, as believers were surrounded by idolatry and the pressures of conforming to societal norms.

Biblical Reference: Revelation 2:12-17

In Revelation 2:12-17, the message to the church in Pergamos is delivered by Jesus Christ, who is described as having "the sharp, double-edged sword" (Revelation 2:12). This imagery underscores the authority and discernment of Christ, who is able to judge rightly and separate truth from falsehood.

The passage commends the believers in Pergamos for holding fast to Christ's name and not denying their faith, even in the face of persecution. "Yet you remain true to My name. You did not renounce your faith in Me, even in the days of Antipas, My faithful witness, who was put to death in your city, where Satan dwells" (Revelation 2:13). This acknowledgment highlights the church's perseverance amidst external pressures.

Compromise and Spiritual Complacency

Despite their steadfastness, the church in Pergamos is admonished for tolerating teachings that lead to spiritual compromise. The text specifically mentions the teachings of Balaam and the Nicolaitans. "But I have a few things against you: You have some there who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to place a stumbling block before the Israelites, so they would eat food sacrificed to idols and commit sexual immorality" (Revelation 2:14). The reference to Balaam recalls the Old Testament narrative where Balaam's counsel led Israel into sin through idolatry and immorality (Numbers 22-25).

The Nicolaitans, though not extensively described in Scripture, are believed to have promoted a form of antinomianism, encouraging believers to engage in practices contrary to Christian teachings. The presence of these influences within the church indicates a level of spiritual complacency, where false teachings were tolerated, leading to a dilution of the faith.

Call to Repentance

The message to Pergamos includes a call to repentance, emphasizing the need for the church to turn away from these compromising influences. "Therefore repent! Otherwise I will come to you shortly and wage war against them with the sword of My mouth" (Revelation 2:16). This call underscores the seriousness with which Christ views spiritual compromise and the necessity for the church to maintain doctrinal purity and moral integrity.

Promise to the Overcomers

To those who overcome, Christ promises hidden manna and a white stone with a new name written on it, known only to the recipient. "To the one who is victorious, I will give the hidden manna. I will also give him a white stone inscribed with a new name, known only to the one who receives it" (Revelation 2:17). The hidden manna symbolizes spiritual sustenance and the provision of Christ, while the white stone represents acceptance and a new identity in Him.

Conclusion

The message to the church in Pergamos serves as a warning against spiritual lukewarmness manifested through compromise and complacency. It calls believers to remain vigilant, holding fast to the truth of the Gospel and rejecting teachings that lead away from the path of righteousness.Revelation 2:14-16
But I have a few things against you, because you have there them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumbling block before the children of Israel, to eat things sacrificed to idols, and to commit fornication.
Nave's Topical Index

The People on the Earth: Chapters 2-3
... Three of the Assemblies are warned with regard to this evil. Ephesus (ii.6); Pergamos
(ii.14, 15); and Thyatira (ii.20). ... Crimination. (Lukewarmness.) f 17, 18. ...
/.../bullinger/commentary on revelation/the people on the earth .htm

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