Mattenai is a biblical figure mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically within the context of the post-exilic period of Israel's history. He is identified as one of the priests during the time of Joiakim, who was the high priest following the return of the Jewish exiles from Babylon. This period is marked by the rebuilding of the temple and the re-establishment of religious practices in Jerusalem.

Biblical References:

Mattenai is mentioned in the book of Nehemiah, which provides a record of the efforts to restore Jerusalem and its religious institutions after the Babylonian exile. In Nehemiah 12:12, the text states: "In the days of Joiakim, these were the heads of the priestly families: of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, Hananiah; of Ezra, Meshullam; of Amariah, Jehohanan; of Malluchi, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph; of Harim, Adna; of Meraioth, Helkai; of Iddo, Zechariah; of Ginnethon, Meshullam; of Abijah, Zichri; of Miniamin and of Moadiah, Piltai; of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jehonathan; of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi; of Sallai, Kallai; of Amok, Eber; of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; of Jedaiah, Nethanel." (Nehemiah 12:12-21)

In this passage, Mattenai is listed as the head of the priestly family of Joiarib. This indicates his role and responsibility within the religious hierarchy of the time, serving under the high priest Joiakim. The mention of Mattenai among the heads of the priestly families underscores the importance of maintaining the lineage and duties of the priesthood, which was central to the religious life of the Jewish community.

Historical and Religious Context:

The period of Joiakim's high priesthood was a time of significant religious and social rebuilding for the Jewish people. After the return from exile, there was a concerted effort to restore the temple and reinstate the religious practices that had been disrupted during the Babylonian captivity. The priests played a crucial role in this restoration, as they were responsible for conducting sacrifices, teaching the Law, and leading the people in worship.

Mattenai, as a priest, would have been involved in these activities, contributing to the spiritual renewal of the nation. His inclusion in the genealogical records of Nehemiah highlights the continuity of the priestly line and the importance of maintaining the traditions and commandments given to the Israelites.

Significance:

The mention of Mattenai, though brief, serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of the priesthood in Israel's history. It reflects the commitment to preserving the religious identity and practices of the Jewish people, even in the face of adversity and displacement. The priests, including Mattenai, were instrumental in guiding the community back to its covenantal relationship with God, emphasizing the centrality of worship and obedience to the Law.

In summary, Mattenai's role as a priest during the time of Joiakim is a reminder of the vital function of religious leaders in the life of the community, particularly during periods of transition and renewal. His presence in the biblical record underscores the importance of faithfulness to God's commandments and the continuity of the priestly service in the history of Israel.Nehemiah 12:19
And of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi;
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