Rainbow: Symbolical
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The rainbow holds significant symbolic meaning within the biblical narrative, serving as a divine sign and covenant between God and humanity. Its first and most prominent mention occurs in the context of the aftermath of the Great Flood, as recorded in the Book of Genesis.

Covenant with Noah

In Genesis 9:12-17, the rainbow is introduced as a symbol of God's covenant with Noah, his descendants, and every living creature on earth. After the floodwaters receded, God established the rainbow as a sign of His promise never to destroy the earth with a flood again. The Berean Standard Bible states:

"And God said, 'This is the sign of the covenant I am making between Me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come: I have set My rainbow in the clouds, and it will be a sign of the covenant between Me and the earth. Whenever I form clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will remember My covenant between Me and you and every living creature of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life. Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of every kind on the earth.' So God said to Noah, 'This is the sign of the covenant I have established between Me and all life on the earth.'"

The rainbow, therefore, serves as a perpetual reminder of God's mercy and faithfulness, a visual assurance of His promise to preserve life on earth.

Symbol of God's Glory and Presence

Beyond its role as a covenantal sign, the rainbow is also depicted as a symbol of God's glory and presence. In the prophetic visions of Ezekiel and John, the rainbow appears in contexts that emphasize divine majesty and holiness.

In Ezekiel 1:28 , the prophet describes a vision of God's glory, where the appearance of the rainbow is likened to the radiance surrounding the divine presence:

"Like the appearance of a rainbow in the clouds on a rainy day, so was the radiance around Him. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw it, I fell facedown and heard a voice speaking."

Similarly, in Revelation 4:3 , the Apostle John describes a vision of the heavenly throne room, where a rainbow encircles the throne of God:

"And the One seated there looked like jasper and carnelian, and a rainbow that gleamed like an emerald encircled the throne."

In these passages, the rainbow signifies the splendor and awe-inspiring nature of God's presence, serving as a visual representation of His divine majesty.

Symbol of Hope and Renewal

The rainbow's appearance after a storm has also been interpreted as a symbol of hope and renewal. It signifies the end of turmoil and the promise of peace and restoration. This interpretation aligns with the biblical narrative of the flood, where the rainbow appears after the storm as a sign of new beginnings and divine assurance.

In Christian thought, the rainbow continues to be a powerful symbol of God's promises, His faithfulness, and the hope of redemption and renewal. It serves as a reminder of the divine covenant and the assurance of God's enduring presence and grace throughout the ages.
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Revelation 4:3
And he that sat was to look on like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like to an emerald.
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Revelation 10:1
And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was on his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire:
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Library

The First vision "In Heaven": Chapters 4-5
... But there is no doubt as to the "rainbow." It speaks of a scene of ... 131] crowns of
gold] The common interpretation is that the Elders are symbolical of the ...
/.../bullinger/commentary on revelation/the first vision in heaven .htm

Letter iii. Having in the Former Two Letters Defined the Doctrine ...
... of letters and articulate sounds into the language of events and symbolical persons? ...
love, and on the passing storm-cloud impressed the fair rainbow of promise ...
/.../coleridge/confessions of an inquiring spirit etc/letter iii having in the.htm

Introduction.
... the Scriptures, that as the institutes of the commonwealth were symbolical, the
language ... to the parable, and in which, on account of the rainbow-like blending ...
//christianbookshelf.org/arnot/the parables of our lord/introduction.htm

The Immaculate Conception
... of cloud sank down which formed themselves into eddies with rainbow edges; these ...
Above this symbolical picture of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception the ...
/.../emmerich/the life of the blessed virgin mary/ii the immaculate conception.htm

The Second vision "On Earth"
... x.1. And I saw another mighty angel coming down out of heaven, arrayed with a cloud:
and the [220] rainbow was upon ... Some are half symbolical and half literal. ...
/.../bullinger/commentary on revelation/the second vision on earth.htm

Of the Three Woe Trumpets.
... were not of the genus of insects, that is, not natural, but symbolical locusts. ...
v.3, "He was in appearance like a jasper stone""and "a rainbow in appearance ...
/.../mede/a key to the apocalypse/of the three woe trumpets.htm

The Greater Prophets.
... are ready to come forth again, but over which hangs the rainbow of mercy ... It is rather
a symbolical representation of the coming deliverance and enlargement of ...
/.../barrows/companion to the bible/chapter xxii the greater prophets.htm

An Essay on the Scriptural Doctrine of Immortality.
An Essay on the Scriptural Doctrine of Immortality. <. ...
/.../an essay on the scriptural.htm

Mr. Bunyan's Last Sermon:
... AND A. SKETCH OF HIS LIFE, TIMES, AND CONTEMPORARIES. VOLUME THIRD. ALLEGORICAL,
FIGURATIVE, AND SYMBOLICAL. EDITED BY. GEORGE OFFOR, ESQ. ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/mr bunyans last sermon .htm

Resources
What is natural theology? | GotQuestions.org

What is the World English Bible (WEB)? | GotQuestions.org

Why did Lamech think Noah would bring comfort (Genesis 5:29)? | GotQuestions.org

Rainbow: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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Rainbow: A Sign That the Earth Will No Longer be Destroyed by Flood
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