Topical Bible: Rulers: Esau, and the Dukes of Edom

◄ Rulers: Esau, and the Dukes of Edom ►

Jump to: Nave's • Library • Subtopics • Terms

Topical Encyclopedia

Esau

Esau, the elder son of Isaac and Rebekah, is a significant figure in biblical history, primarily known for his role as the progenitor of the Edomites. His account is detailed in the Book of Genesis, where he is depicted as a skillful hunter and a man of the field. Esau's life is marked by his complex relationship with his twin brother, Jacob, and his eventual establishment as a ruler in the region of Edom.

Esau's birth is recorded in Genesis 25:24-26, where he is described as red and hairy, leading to his name, which means "hairy" in Hebrew. The narrative of Esau selling his birthright to Jacob for a meal of bread and lentil stew (Genesis 25:29-34) highlights his impulsive nature and sets the stage for future conflicts between the brothers. This transaction is later referenced in Hebrews 12:16 as a cautionary tale against godlessness and short-sightedness.

Despite losing his birthright and blessing to Jacob through deception (Genesis 27), Esau becomes a prosperous and influential leader. Genesis 36 provides a genealogical account of Esau's descendants, emphasizing his role as the father of the Edomites. Esau's reconciliation with Jacob in Genesis 33 demonstrates his capacity for forgiveness and peace, despite their earlier animosity.

The Dukes of Edom

The Dukes of Edom, also known as chiefs or leaders, are the descendants of Esau who ruled over the Edomite territory. The term "duke" is derived from the Hebrew word "alluph," meaning leader or chieftain. The genealogical records in Genesis 36:15-19 list the names of these dukes, who were the sons of Esau and his wives, Adah, Oholibamah, and Basemath.

The Edomites, as descendants of Esau, occupied the region south of the Dead Sea, known for its rugged terrain and strategic location. The dukes played a crucial role in the governance and organization of Edomite society, which was structured around tribal leadership. The list of dukes in Genesis 36 reflects the tribal and familial divisions within Edom, highlighting the importance of kinship and lineage in their social structure.

Edom's relationship with Israel was often marked by hostility and conflict, as seen in various biblical accounts. The refusal of Edom to allow the Israelites passage through their land during the Exodus (Numbers 20:14-21) exemplifies the longstanding enmity between the two nations. Prophetic literature, such as Obadiah and Isaiah, frequently addresses the judgment and downfall of Edom, underscoring the consequences of their opposition to God's chosen people.

The legacy of Esau and the Dukes of Edom is a testament to the enduring impact of familial and national relationships in biblical history. Their account serves as a reminder of the complexities of human nature, the consequences of choices, and the overarching sovereignty of God in the affairs of nations.

Nave's Topical Index

Genesis 36:1
Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom.
Nave's Topical Index

Library

The Nations of the South-East
... The Assyrian texts mention some of its later rulers. ... Esau, the brother of Jacob,
had already gathered around him a ... the life in the desert, the "dukes" of Edom ...
/.../sayce/early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter iii the nations of.htm