Shamariah is a biblical figure mentioned in the Old Testament as one of the sons of Rehoboam, the first king of the southern kingdom of Judah after the division of the united monarchy of Israel. His name, Shamariah, can be understood to mean "Jehovah has guarded" or "protected by Yahweh," reflecting a common practice in ancient Israel of embedding the name of God within personal names to signify divine protection or blessing.

Biblical Reference:

Shamariah is specifically mentioned in the genealogical records found in the Second Book of Chronicles. In 2 Chronicles 11:18-19 , the text states: "Rehoboam married Mahalath, the daughter of David’s son Jerimoth and of Abihail, the daughter of Jesse’s son Eliab. And she bore him sons: Jeush, Shemariah, and Zaham." This passage places Shamariah within the royal lineage of Judah, highlighting his connection to both the house of David and the broader narrative of the Davidic dynasty.

Historical and Theological Context:

Rehoboam's reign was marked by significant challenges, including the division of the kingdom and the subsequent establishment of the northern kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam. The mention of Shamariah, along with his brothers, in the genealogical records serves to underscore the continuation of the Davidic line through Rehoboam, despite the political upheaval and division of the kingdom.

The inclusion of Shamariah in the biblical record, though brief, is significant in maintaining the historical and theological continuity of the Davidic covenant. The covenant, as articulated in passages such as 2 Samuel 7:12-16, promised the establishment of David's throne and lineage. Shamariah, as a descendant of Rehoboam, represents a link in this enduring promise, which is central to the messianic expectations found throughout the Old Testament.

Cultural and Familial Significance:

In the ancient Near Eastern context, genealogies were not merely records of ancestry but were also vital for establishing legal rights, inheritance, and social status. As a son of Rehoboam, Shamariah would have been part of the royal household, potentially involved in the administration or governance of the kingdom, although the biblical text does not provide specific details about his life or role.

The mention of Shamariah alongside his brothers also reflects the polygamous practices of the time, where kings often had multiple wives and concubines, resulting in numerous offspring. This practice, while common, often led to complex family dynamics and rivalries, as seen in other biblical narratives involving royal families.

Conclusion:

While the biblical account provides limited information about Shamariah's life and deeds, his inclusion in the genealogical records of 2 Chronicles serves to affirm his place within the royal lineage of Judah. His presence in the text underscores the importance of family lineage in the biblical narrative and the ongoing fulfillment of God's promises to the house of David.2 Chronicles 11:19
Which bore him children; Jeush, and Shamariah, and Zaham.
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