The term "Ruler of Moab" refers to the leaders or kings who governed the ancient kingdom of Moab, a region located east of the Dead Sea in present-day Jordan. Moab is frequently mentioned in the Old Testament, and its rulers played significant roles in the biblical narrative, often in opposition to the Israelites.

Historical Context

Moab was founded by the descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, as recorded in Genesis 19:37: "The older daughter had a son, and she named him Moab. He is the father of the Moabites of today." The Moabites were thus related to the Israelites, yet their relationship was often marked by conflict and hostility.

Notable Rulers

1. Eglon: One of the most prominent rulers of Moab mentioned in the Bible is King Eglon. During the period of the Judges, Eglon oppressed Israel for eighteen years. Judges 3:12-14 states, "Again the Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD, and because they did this evil, the LORD gave Eglon king of Moab power over Israel. Gathering to himself the Ammonites and Amalekites, Eglon came and attacked Israel, and they took possession of the City of Palms. The Israelites were subject to Eglon king of Moab for eighteen years."

2. Balak: Another significant ruler was Balak, the son of Zippor, who reigned during the time of the Exodus. Fearing the Israelites, Balak sought the help of the prophet Balaam to curse them. Numbers 22:4-6 records Balak's actions: "So Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab at that time, sent messengers to summon Balaam son of Beor... 'Come now, curse this people for me, because they are too powerful for me. Perhaps then I will be able to defeat them and drive them out of the land.'"

Moabite Relations with Israel

The Moabites and Israelites had a complex relationship characterized by both conflict and cooperation. While Moab was often an adversary, there were periods of peace and intermarriage. The Book of Ruth highlights a positive interaction, as Ruth, a Moabitess, becomes the great-grandmother of King David, illustrating God's providence and the inclusion of Gentiles in His plan.

Prophetic Pronouncements

The prophets frequently spoke against Moab, condemning its pride and idolatry. Isaiah 15-16 and Jeremiah 48 contain oracles against Moab, predicting its downfall. Jeremiah 48:42 declares, "Moab will be destroyed as a nation because she defied the LORD."

Archaeological Insights

Archaeological discoveries, such as the Mesha Stele, provide additional context to the biblical account of Moab and its rulers. The stele, inscribed by King Mesha of Moab, details his victories over Israel and offers a Moabite perspective on the conflicts recorded in the Bible.

Theological Significance

The rulers of Moab serve as examples of the broader theme of God's sovereignty over nations. Despite their opposition to Israel, God's purposes prevailed, demonstrating His control over history and His ability to use even adversarial nations to fulfill His divine plan.