The Book of the Kings of Israel is a non-canonical text referenced within the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the books of 1 and 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles. It is often mentioned as a source for additional historical details about the reigns of the kings of Israel and Judah. This book is distinct from the canonical books of 1 and 2 Kings, which are part of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.

Biblical References:

The Book of the Kings of Israel is cited multiple times in the biblical narrative as a source of further information about the kings' reigns. For instance, in 1 Kings 14:19, the Berean Standard Bible states, "As for the rest of the acts of Jeroboam, how he waged war and how he reigned, they are indeed written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel." Similarly, 2 Chronicles 20:34 mentions, "Now the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, from beginning to end, they are indeed written in the annals of Jehu son of Hanani, which are recorded in the Book of the Kings of Israel."

Content and Purpose:

The Book of the Kings of Israel likely served as a historical record, chronicling the events, reigns, and deeds of the kings of the northern kingdom of Israel. It may have included detailed accounts of political, military, and religious activities, providing a comprehensive history of the monarchy. The frequent biblical references to this book suggest it was a well-known and authoritative source during the time the biblical texts were composed.

Historical Context:

The period covered by the Book of the Kings of Israel spans from the division of the united monarchy after Solomon's reign to the fall of the northern kingdom to Assyria in 722 BC. This era was marked by political instability, idolatry, and conflict, both within the kingdom and with neighboring nations. The book would have documented the succession of kings, their policies, and their adherence to or deviation from the covenantal laws established by God.

Theological Significance:

While the Book of the Kings of Israel itself is not part of the biblical canon, its mention underscores the importance of historical records in understanding God's dealings with His people. The canonical books of Kings and Chronicles, which reference this text, emphasize themes of covenant faithfulness, divine judgment, and the consequences of idolatry and disobedience. The existence of such records highlights the meticulous nature of biblical historiography and the desire to preserve the history of God's chosen people.

Relation to Other Texts:

The Book of the Kings of Israel is often mentioned alongside the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah, suggesting a parallel record for the southern kingdom. Together, these texts would have provided a comprehensive account of the divided monarchy. The canonical books of Kings and Chronicles draw upon these sources, among others, to present a theological history that conveys the spiritual lessons of Israel's past.

Preservation and Loss:

Despite its historical significance, the Book of the Kings of Israel has not survived as an independent text. Its content is known only through the references found in the biblical narrative. The loss of this book, along with other ancient records, is a reminder of the fragility of historical documents and the providential preservation of the biblical canon as it stands today.