The Commissioning of the Disciples is a pivotal event in the New Testament, marking the moment when Jesus Christ formally entrusted His followers with the mission to spread the Gospel and continue His work on earth. This event is recorded in several passages across the Gospels, most notably in Matthew 28:16-20, Mark 16:14-18, Luke 24:44-49, and John 20:19-23. Each account provides unique insights into the nature and scope of this divine mandate.

Biblical Context

Following His resurrection, Jesus appeared to His disciples multiple times, providing them with final instructions and preparing them for their mission. The commissioning occurs after these appearances, serving as a culmination of Jesus' earthly ministry and a transition to the disciples' active role in the early Church.

The Great Commission (Matthew 28:16-20)

In Matthew's account, often referred to as the "Great Commission," Jesus meets the eleven disciples on a mountain in Galilee. Here, He declares, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me" (Matthew 28:18). This statement underscores the divine authority with which Jesus sends His disciples. He commands them to "go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey all that I have commanded you" (Matthew 28:19-20). This commission emphasizes the universal scope of their mission, the importance of baptism, and the teaching of Jesus' commandments. Jesus concludes with a promise of His continual presence: "And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age" (Matthew 28:20).

The Commission in Mark (Mark 16:14-18)

Mark's Gospel presents a similar yet distinct account. Jesus appears to the eleven as they are reclining at the table and rebukes them for their unbelief and hardness of heart. He then instructs them, "Go into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature" (Mark 16:15). The passage highlights the necessity of faith and baptism for salvation, stating, "Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned" (Mark 16:16). Mark also includes signs that will accompany believers, such as casting out demons and healing the sick, emphasizing the power and authority given to the disciples.

The Commission in Luke (Luke 24:44-49)

In Luke's account, Jesus appears to the disciples in Jerusalem and opens their minds to understand the Scriptures. He explains that "repentance for the forgiveness of sins will be preached in His name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem" (Luke 24:47). Jesus instructs them to wait in the city until they are "clothed with power from on high" (Luke 24:49), referring to the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. This account highlights the fulfillment of prophecy and the necessity of the Holy Spirit's empowerment for their mission.

The Commission in John (John 20:19-23)

John's Gospel provides a more intimate portrayal of the commissioning. Jesus appears to the disciples on the evening of His resurrection, offering them peace and showing them His wounds. He then says, "As the Father has sent Me, so also I am sending you" (John 20:21). Jesus breathes on them and says, "Receive the Holy Spirit" (John 20:22), granting them the authority to forgive sins. This account emphasizes the continuity of Jesus' mission through the disciples and the essential role of the Holy Spirit.

Theological Significance

The Commissioning of the Disciples is foundational for understanding the mission of the Church. It establishes the disciples as apostles, or "sent ones," tasked with spreading the Gospel to all nations. The commission underscores the authority of Jesus, the necessity of baptism and teaching, and the empowerment of the Holy Spirit. It also highlights the global scope of the mission, calling believers to participate in the work of evangelism and discipleship. Through this commissioning, Jesus ensures the continuation of His ministry and the expansion of His kingdom on earth.