The Great Pool in Gibeon is a significant archaeological and biblical site mentioned in the Old Testament. It is located in the ancient city of Gibeon, which was situated in the territory of the tribe of Benjamin, approximately 6 miles northwest of Jerusalem. The pool is most notably referenced in the context of a dramatic encounter during the reign of King David.

Biblical References:

The primary biblical account involving the Great Pool in Gibeon is found in 2 Samuel 2:12-17. This passage describes a confrontation between the forces of Ish-bosheth, son of Saul, led by Abner, and the forces of David, led by Joab. The two groups met at the pool, and a fierce battle ensued:

"Then Abner son of Ner and the servants of Ish-bosheth son of Saul set out from Mahanaim and went to Gibeon. So Joab son of Zeruiah and the servants of David went out and met them by the pool of Gibeon. And they sat down, one group on one side of the pool and the other on the opposite side. Then Abner said to Joab, 'Let us have the young men get up and compete before us.' 'Let them get up,' Joab replied. So they got up and were counted off—twelve for Benjamin and Ish-bosheth son of Saul, and twelve for David. Then each man grabbed his opponent by the head and thrust his sword into his opponent’s side, and they all fell together. So this place, which is in Gibeon, was called Helkath-hazzurim. The battle that day was very fierce, and Abner and the men of Israel were defeated by the servants of David." (2 Samuel 2:12-17)

This encounter at the Great Pool in Gibeon is a pivotal moment in the struggle for power following the death of King Saul. It highlights the intense rivalry and the eventual consolidation of David's kingship over all Israel.

Archaeological Significance:

The Great Pool in Gibeon has been identified through archaeological excavations conducted in the mid-20th century. The site revealed a large, circular water reservoir hewn out of solid rock, measuring approximately 37 feet in diameter and 35 feet deep. This impressive engineering feat underscores the importance of water management in ancient Israel and the strategic significance of Gibeon as a fortified city.

The pool would have served as a crucial water source for the inhabitants of Gibeon, especially during times of siege or drought. Its construction reflects the advanced skills and resources available to the Gibeonites, who are also noted in the Bible for their cunning treaty with Joshua (Joshua 9).

Historical and Theological Context:

The Great Pool in Gibeon serves as a backdrop for understanding the complex political and military dynamics during the early monarchy in Israel. The confrontation at the pool is emblematic of the broader conflict between the house of Saul and the house of David, a theme that runs throughout the books of Samuel.

From a theological perspective, the events at Gibeon illustrate the unfolding of God's providential plan for Israel. Despite the chaos and bloodshed, the narrative ultimately points to the establishment of David as the divinely chosen king, through whom God would fulfill His covenant promises to Israel.

The Great Pool in Gibeon, therefore, is not only a historical landmark but also a testament to the intricate interplay of human agency and divine sovereignty in the biblical narrative.