The concept of the kinsman-redeemer is a significant theme in the Old Testament, particularly within the context of Israelite family law and property rights. The role of the kinsman-redeemer is most prominently illustrated in the Book of Ruth, where Boaz acts as the redeemer for Ruth and Naomi. However, the narrative also includes an instance where a potential kinsman-redeemer declines to fulfill his duty, providing insight into the legal and social customs of ancient Israel.

Biblical Context

The account of the kinsman-redeemer declining is found in Ruth 4:1-8. After Ruth approaches Boaz at the threshing floor, Boaz acknowledges that there is a closer relative who has the first right of redemption. Boaz, being a man of integrity, seeks to resolve the matter according to the law.

Legal Framework

The role of the kinsman-redeemer (Hebrew: "go'el") was to preserve the family lineage and property within the clan. This duty included marrying the widow of a deceased relative to produce offspring in the deceased's name (Deuteronomy 25:5-10) and redeeming land that a relative had sold due to poverty (Leviticus 25:25-28). The kinsman-redeemer was a guardian of family rights and a restorer of family honor.

The Decline of the Kinsman-Redeemer

In Ruth 4, Boaz convenes a meeting at the town gate, a place of legal transactions, with the elders of Bethlehem as witnesses. He presents the opportunity to redeem the land that belonged to Elimelech, Naomi's deceased husband. The closer relative initially agrees to redeem the land, but upon learning that he must also marry Ruth, the Moabitess, to maintain the name of the deceased, he declines. He states, "I cannot redeem it myself, or I would jeopardize my own inheritance. Take my right of redemption, because I cannot redeem it" (Ruth 4:6).

Cultural and Theological Implications

The refusal of the kinsman-redeemer highlights several cultural and theological aspects:

1. Inheritance Concerns: The unnamed relative's concern about jeopardizing his own inheritance suggests that marrying Ruth and potentially having children with her could complicate his estate and inheritance plans. This reflects the importance of maintaining clear lines of inheritance in Israelite society.

2. Social Stigma: The fact that Ruth is a Moabitess may have influenced the kinsman-redeemer's decision. Moabites were often viewed with suspicion and prejudice by Israelites (Deuteronomy 23:3-6), and this may have deterred him from marrying Ruth.

3. Legal Procedure: The act of declining the redemption is formalized by the removal of a sandal, a customary legal gesture symbolizing the transfer of rights (Ruth 4:7-8). This public act ensured that the transaction was recognized and binding.

4. Divine Providence: The refusal of the closer kinsman-redeemer paves the way for Boaz to fulfill the role, which aligns with God's providential plan. Boaz's willingness to redeem Ruth and Naomi not only secures their future but also integrates Ruth into the lineage of King David and ultimately, Jesus Christ (Matthew 1:5).

Conclusion

The narrative of the kinsman-redeemer declining his duty in the Book of Ruth underscores the complexities of familial obligations and the workings of divine providence. It serves as a testament to the faithfulness of God in preserving His people and fulfilling His promises through unexpected means.