The concept of "waters above and below" is rooted in the biblical account of creation as described in the Book of Genesis. This terminology refers to the division of the primordial waters by God during the creation process, as detailed in Genesis 1:6-7 : "And God said, 'Let there be an expanse between the waters, to separate the waters from the waters.' So God made the expanse and separated the waters beneath it from the waters above it. And it was so."

Waters Above:

The "waters above" are often understood to refer to the waters that were placed above the expanse, which God called "sky" or "heavens" (Genesis 1:8). This separation is part of the second day of creation, where God establishes the firmament to divide the waters. The "waters above" have been interpreted in various ways throughout history, including as a reference to the atmospheric waters, such as clouds and precipitation, or as a more cosmic or metaphysical concept involving the heavenly realms.

In the ancient Near Eastern context, the idea of a firmament holding back celestial waters was a common motif, and the biblical narrative reflects this understanding while emphasizing the sovereignty and intentionality of the Creator. The "waters above" are seen as part of God's ordered creation, serving His purposes and under His control.

Waters Below:

The "waters below" refer to the waters that remained under the expanse, which are gathered together to form seas, as described in Genesis 1:9-10 : "And God said, 'Let the waters under the sky be gathered into one place, so that the dry land may appear.' And it was so. God called the dry land 'earth,' and the gathered waters He called 'seas.' And God saw that it was good."

These waters are integral to the earth's ecosystem, providing life-sustaining resources and playing a crucial role in the hydrological cycle. The "waters below" include oceans, rivers, lakes, and subterranean waters, all of which are depicted as part of God's good creation.

Theological Significance:

The division of the waters above and below highlights the order and structure that God brings to creation. It underscores the theme of separation and distinction that is prevalent in the Genesis creation narrative, where God systematically organizes the cosmos. This act of separation is not merely functional but also theological, demonstrating God's authority over chaos and His ability to create a harmonious and inhabitable world.

Throughout Scripture, water is a symbol of both life and judgment. The waters above and below are involved in various biblical events, such as the Flood narrative, where the "floodgates of the heavens" are opened (Genesis 7:11), and the parting of the Red Sea, where the waters are divided to deliver the Israelites (Exodus 14:21-22).

In the broader biblical canon, the imagery of waters continues to evoke themes of God's provision, purification, and power. The waters above and below serve as a testament to God's creative and sustaining work, reflecting His glory and the intricate design of His creation.