Paul’s Revelation 1I must go on boasting. Although there is nothing to gain, I will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord. 2I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the body or out of it I do not know, but God knows. 3And I know that this man—whether in the body or out of it I do not know, but God knows— 4was caught up to Paradise. The things he heard were inexpressible, things that man is not permitted to tell. Paul’s Thorn and God’s Grace 5I will boast about such a man, but I will not boast about myself, except in my weaknesses. 6Even if I wanted to boast, I would not be a fool, because I would be speaking the truth. But I refrain, so no one will credit me with more than he sees in me or hears from me, 7or because of these surpassingly great revelations. So to keep me from becoming conceited,a I was given a thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me. 8Three times I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. 9But He said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly in my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest on me. 10That is why, for the sake of Christ, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong. Paul’s Concern for the Corinthians 11I have become a fool, but you drove me to it. In fact, you should have commended me, since I am in no way inferior to those “super-apostles,” even though I am nothing. 12The marks of a true apostle—signs, wonders, and miracles—were performed among you with great perseverance. 13In what way were you inferior to the other churches, except that I was not a burden to you? Forgive me this wrong! 14See, I am ready to come to you a third time, and I will not be a burden, because I am not seeking your possessions, but you. For children should not have to save up for their parents, but parents for their children. 15And for the sake of your souls, I will most gladly spend my money and myself. If I love you more, will you love me less? 16Be that as it may, I was not a burden to you; but crafty as I am, I caught you by trickery. 17Did I exploit you by anyone I sent you? 18I urged Titus to visit you, and I sent our brother with him. Did Titus exploit you in any way? Did we not walk in the same Spirit and follow in the same footsteps?b 19Have you been thinking all along that we were making a defense to you? We speak before God in Christ, and all of this, beloved, is to build you up. 20For I am afraid that when I come, I may not find you as I wish, and you may not find me as you wish. I fear that there may be quarreling, jealousy, rage, rivalry, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder. 21I am afraid that when I come again, my God will humble me before you, and I will be grieved over many who have sinned earlier and have not repented of their acts of impurity, sexual immorality, and debauchery. Footnotes: 7 a Some translators end the previous paragraph after verse 6, and begin verse 7 with So to keep me from becoming conceited because of these surpassingly great revelations, 18 b Literally Did we not walk in the same Spirit? Not in the same footsteps? Berean Standard Bible (BSB) printed 2016, 2020, 2022, 2025 by Bible Hub and Berean.Bible. Produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, unfoldingWord, Bible Aquifer, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain. Free downloads and unlimited usage available. See also the Berean Literal Bible and Berean Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub  2 Corinthians 12 Summary Paul's Thorn and God's GraceVerses 1–6 – A Vision Unspeakable Verses 7–10 – Strength in Weakness Verses 11–13 – Credentials Confirmed Verses 14–18 – A Father’s Heart Verses 19–21 – A Call to Repentance 2 Corinthians 12 sees Paul continuing his defense of his apostolic authority by sharing his heavenly vision and the subsequent "thorn in his flesh." Despite the extraordinary revelation, Paul is humbled by a tormenting thorn, which he understands as a means to prevent his conceit. Embracing his weakness, Paul experiences the sufficiency of God's grace and power. The chapter concludes with Paul's reaffirmation of his concern and love for the Corinthians. Context and Purpose • Second Corinthians is Paul’s most personal letter. Chapters 10–13 answer critics who claimed greater authority or charisma than Paul. Chapter 12 forms the climax: Paul’s unprintable vision, his God-ordained weakness, and his refusal to profit from ministry all confront human pride. • The date is around AD 55–56 from Macedonia, during Paul’s travels recorded in Acts 20:1–3. Visions and Revelations in Scripture • Like Isaiah (Isaiah 6), Ezekiel (Ezekiel 1), and John (Revelation 4), Paul is granted a heavenly vision. • Acts 9 and Acts 22 record earlier revelations in Paul’s life. Chapter 12 adds another layer, kept private for fourteen years, highlighting that genuine experiences with God are often quiet, humble, and reluctant to be advertised. The “Third Heaven” and Paradise • Jewish thought often spoke of multiple “heavens” (Genesis 1:1; Deuteronomy 10:14). The “third” was viewed as the dwelling place of God. • “Paradise” echoes Eden (Genesis 2), the promise to the thief on the cross (“Today you will be with Me in Paradise,” Luke 23:43), and the tree of life future promise (Revelation 2:7). • Archaeology shows first-century Jewish writings (e.g., 1 Enoch, Testament of Levi) using the same language, underscoring that Paul is speaking the cultural vocabulary of his day. Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh • The Greek word for “thorn” (skolops) describes a stake or splinter—something painful yet purposeful. • Suggestions include poor eyesight (Galatians 4:15; 6:11), chronic illness, physical disfigurement, or relentless opposition. Scripture leaves it unnamed, allowing every believer to identify with his own “thorn.” • It came from Satan, yet God used it; as in Job 1–2, God’s sovereignty overruns Satan’s malice. Grace and Weakness: A Biblical Principle • Judges 7:2—God trims Gideon’s army to ensure He gets the glory. • 1 Samuel 17—David defeats Goliath “that all this assembly may know that the LORD saves not with sword or spear.” • Philippians 4:13—“I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength,” echoing the “power perfected in weakness” theme. • James 4:6—“God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.” Signs of a True Apostle • Hebrews 2:3–4 explains that God confirmed the gospel by “signs, wonders, and various miracles.” • Acts records Paul’s miracles: lame walk (Acts 14), demon exorcisms (Acts 16), unusual healings (Acts 19), even raising the dead (Acts 20:9–12). • These signs authenticated the message, not the messenger’s ego. Financial Integrity and Apostolic Example • Paul repeatedly refused Corinthian support (1 Corinthians 9:12–18; 2 Corinthians 11:7–9). • He worked as a tentmaker (Acts 18:3), modeling sacrificial leadership. • Titus, like Paul, handled money transparently (2 Corinthians 8:16–21). This integrity dismantles rumors of “craftiness.” Moral Purity in the Church • The list in verse 20 resembles Galatians 5:19–21 (works of the flesh). • Paul’s dread of impurity foreshadows his next letter, Romans, which includes strong calls to holiness (Romans 6:12–14). • Church discipline in 1 Corinthians 5 shows Paul will act decisively if sin remains. Archaeological and Cultural Insights • Corinth was a thriving port known for wealth and vice. Worship of Aphrodite involved ritual immorality; the city’s name became slang for sexual excess. Paul’s fears (12:20-21) match the city’s reputation. • Excavations at Corinth reveal inscriptions honoring traveling lecturers and performers—echoing the “super-apostles” who boasted eloquence and demanded fees. • Animal-shaped medical instruments and inscriptions to healing gods recovered at Corinth underscore how chronic sickness (Paul’s “thorn”?) was addressed in pagan society, contrasting with Paul seeking the Lord, not idols. Key Words and Phrases • “Caught up” (harpazō, v. 2,4) — same verb as in 1 Thessalonians 4:17 (“caught up together … to meet the Lord”). • “Grace” (charis, v. 9) — God’s unearned favor, recurring 10× in 2 Corinthians. • “Build you up” (oikodomeō, v. 19) — Paul’s main aim; the same verb Jesus uses for the wise man building on rock (Matthew 7:24). Connections to the Old Testament • Numbers 33 reminds Israel to drive out sin from the land; Paul parallels that insistence on internal purity. • Psalm 73:26—“My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart”—mirrors Paul’s celebration of weakness. • Isaiah 40:29—“He gives power to the faint.” Connections to the New Testament • Galatians 6:17—“I bear on my body the marks of Jesus”; possibly the same “thorn” context of bodily weakness. • 1 Peter 4:14—“If you are insulted for the name of Christ, you are blessed.” • Revelation 2:7—promise to those who “overcome,” echoing Paradise imagery. Timeless Lessons for Believers Today 1. Genuine spiritual experiences lead to humility, not self-promotion. 2. God often leaves weaknesses in place so His power shines brighter. 3. Believers should measure leaders by faithfulness, not slick presentation or personal gain. 4. Spiritual authority is a parental stewardship—seeking people, not their possessions. 5. Holiness matters; unchecked sin weakens the church and grieves faithful leaders. 6. Transparency in finances and relationships closes the door to accusation. 7. God’s grace is always sufficient; our weakest moments can become our strongest testimony. Connections to Additional Scriptures Philippians 4:13I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength. This verse complements the idea of relying on Christ's power in our weaknesses. James 1:2-4 Consider it pure joy, my brothers, when you encounter trials of many kinds... This passage echoes the theme of finding purpose in trials. Romans 8:28 And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him... This reassures us of God's sovereign plan in our lives. Teaching Points Paul's Vision and RevelationPaul speaks of a man in Christ who was caught up to the third heaven (2 Corinthians 12:2-4). This experience underscores the reality of divine revelations and the mysteries of God. The Thorn in the Flesh Paul describes a thorn in the flesh given to him to prevent him from becoming conceited due to the surpassing greatness of the revelations (2 Corinthians 12:7). This teaches us about the purpose of suffering in keeping us humble. Sufficient Grace God responds to Paul's plea for the removal of the thorn by saying, My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9). This highlights the sufficiency of God's grace in our lives. Boasting in Weakness Paul chooses to boast in his weaknesses so that the power of Christ may rest upon him (2 Corinthians 12:9-10). This is a counter-cultural perspective that values spiritual strength over worldly power. Paul's Apostolic Authority Despite his weaknesses, Paul defends his apostolic authority and expresses his love and concern for the Corinthian church (2 Corinthians 12:11-15). Practical Applications Embrace WeaknessRecognize that our weaknesses are opportunities for God's power to be displayed. Instead of hiding them, allow God to work through them. Rely on God's Grace In times of struggle, lean on God's grace, trusting that it is sufficient for every need. Stay Humble Use personal challenges as reminders to remain humble and dependent on God, avoiding pride and self-reliance. Value Spiritual Strength Prioritize spiritual growth and strength over worldly success and power. People 1. PaulThe apostle and author of the letter, who speaks about his experiences, including visions and revelations from the Lord. He discusses his "thorn in the flesh" and his reliance on God's grace. Paul is central to the chapter as he shares his personal struggles and spiritual insights. 2. The Lord Referred to by Paul, particularly in the context of the revelations and the response to Paul's plea regarding his "thorn in the flesh." The Lord tells Paul, "My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness" (2 Corinthians 12:9). 3. A Man in Christ Paul refers to "a man in Christ" who was caught up to the third heaven and paradise, experiencing inexpressible things. While Paul speaks in the third person, it is generally understood that he is referring to himself in this context. 4. Satan Mentioned indirectly as the source of the "messenger of Satan" sent to torment Paul. This "thorn in the flesh" is described as a means to keep Paul humble and reliant on God's strength. Places 1. The Third HeavenIn 2 Corinthians 12:2, Paul refers to being "caught up to the third heaven." The term "third heaven" is understood in a conservative Christian perspective as the dwelling place of God, beyond the earthly sky (first heaven) and outer space (second heaven). The Greek term used here is "τρίτος οὐρανός" (tritos ouranos), indicating a spiritual realm. 2. Paradise In 2 Corinthians 12:4, Paul mentions being "caught up into Paradise." This term, "παράδεισος" (paradeisos) in Greek, is often associated with the Garden of Eden or the place of the righteous after death. In Christian theology, it is considered a place of divine presence and eternal bliss. Events 1. Paul's Vision and RevelationPaul begins by discussing a man in Christ who was caught up to the third heaven. He states, "I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven" (2 Corinthians 12:2). The term "caught up" (Greek: ἁρπάζω, harpazō) implies a forceful or sudden taking, often associated with divine intervention. 2. Inexpressible Words Paul describes hearing "inexpressible words, things that man is not permitted to tell" (2 Corinthians 12:4). This suggests a divine mystery or revelation that is beyond human comprehension or articulation. 3. Paul's Thorn in the Flesh Paul speaks of a "thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me" (2 Corinthians 12:7). The Greek word for "thorn" (σκόλοψ, skolops) can imply a sharp stake or splinter, symbolizing a persistent and painful affliction. 4. Paul's Plea for Relief Paul recounts how he "pleaded with the Lord three times to take it away from me" (2 Corinthians 12:8). This reflects a persistent prayer for relief from his affliction. 5. God's Response The Lord responds, "My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness" (2 Corinthians 12:9). The Greek word for "sufficient" (ἀρκέω, arkeō) implies being enough or adequate, highlighting the sufficiency of divine grace. 6. Paul's Boast in Weakness Paul concludes by stating, "Therefore I will boast all the more gladly in my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest on me" (2 Corinthians 12:9). The Greek word for "rest" (ἐπισκηνόω, episkenoō) suggests dwelling or abiding, indicating the presence of Christ's power in his life. 7. Paul's Contentment in Hardships Paul expresses contentment in weaknesses, insults, hardships, persecutions, and difficulties, "For when I am weak, then I am strong" (2 Corinthians 12:10). This paradox highlights the transformative power of Christ in adversity. 8. Paul's Defense of His Apostleship Paul defends his apostolic authority, stating, "I have made a fool of myself, but you drove me to it. I ought to have been commended by you" (2 Corinthians 12:11). He emphasizes his credentials and the signs of a true apostle. 9. Paul's Concern for the Corinthians Paul expresses his concern for the Corinthians, fearing that he may find them not as he wishes and that they may find him not as they wish (2 Corinthians 12:20). This reflects his pastoral care and desire for their spiritual well-being. 10. Paul's Upcoming Visit Paul mentions his upcoming visit, stating, "I fear that when I come again, my God will humble me before you" (2 Corinthians 12:21). He anticipates addressing issues of sin and repentance within the church. Lessons from 2 Corinthians 12 1. Embrace Your Weaknesses 2. Boast in the Lord 3. The Thorn in the Flesh 4. The Power of Prayer 5. God's Grace is Sufficient 6. Strength in Weakness 7. The Importance of Humility 8. The Role of Suffering 9. The Vision of Paradise 10. The Call to Authenticity Topics 1. Paul's Vision and Revelations (2 Corinthians 12:1-6)Paul speaks about visions and revelations from the Lord, mentioning a man in Christ who was caught up to the third heaven. He emphasizes that boasting is not beneficial, but he will speak of this man to highlight the extraordinary experiences given by God. The Greek term "ἁρπαγῆναι" (harpagēnai) is used for "caught up," indicating a forceful or sudden taking. 2. The Thorn in the Flesh (2 Corinthians 12:7-10) Paul describes a "thorn in the flesh" given to him to prevent conceit due to the surpassing greatness of the revelations. He pleads with the Lord to remove it, but the Lord responds, "My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness." The Greek word "σκόλοψ" (skolops) is used for "thorn," suggesting a sharp stake or splinter causing persistent discomfort. 3. Paul's Apostolic Authority and Concern for the Corinthians (2 Corinthians 12:11-13) Paul defends his apostolic authority, stating that he is not inferior to the "super-apostles," even though he is nothing. He reminds the Corinthians of the signs, wonders, and miracles performed among them, affirming his genuine apostleship. 4. Paul's Love and Sacrificial Ministry (2 Corinthians 12:14-18) Paul expresses his intent to visit the Corinthians for the third time, emphasizing that he seeks not their possessions but their well-being. He highlights his willingness to spend and be spent for their souls, demonstrating his deep love and commitment to their spiritual growth. 5. Paul's Concern for Order and Repentance (2 Corinthians 12:19-21) Paul addresses the potential issues he may find upon his visit, such as quarreling, jealousy, and impurity. He expresses his fear that he may find them unrepentant and that he may have to mourn over those who have sinned and not repented. The Greek word "μετανοέω" (metanoeō) is used for "repent," indicating a change of mind and heart leading to transformation. Themes 1. Boasting in WeaknessPaul discusses the concept of boasting in his weaknesses rather than his strengths. He states, "I will boast about such a man, but I will not boast about myself, except in my weaknesses" (2 Corinthians 12:5). The Greek word for "weaknesses" (ἀσθένεια, astheneia) emphasizes human frailty and dependence on God's strength. 2. Visions and Revelations Paul speaks of "visions and revelations from the Lord" (2 Corinthians 12:1), highlighting the divine communication he received. This theme underscores the importance of spiritual experiences that affirm one's faith and mission. 3. The Thorn in the Flesh Paul describes a "thorn in my flesh" (2 Corinthians 12:7), a metaphor for a persistent problem or affliction. This theme illustrates the idea that God allows certain challenges to keep believers humble and reliant on His grace. 4. Sufficient Grace God's response to Paul's plea about the thorn is, "My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness" (2 Corinthians 12:9). This theme emphasizes the sufficiency of God's grace and the perfection of His power in human weakness. 5. Power in Weakness Paul concludes that "when I am weak, then I am strong" (2 Corinthians 12:10). This paradoxical theme highlights the Christian belief that true strength comes from reliance on God's power rather than human ability. 6. Apostolic Authority and Concern Paul defends his apostolic authority and expresses concern for the Corinthians, stating, "I will not be a burden, because I am not seeking your possessions, but you" (2 Corinthians 12:14). This theme reflects the pastoral care and responsibility of spiritual leaders. 7. Signs of a True Apostle Paul mentions the "signs of an apostle" (2 Corinthians 12:12), which include signs, wonders, and miracles. This theme underscores the validation of apostolic ministry through divine acts. 8. Concern for the Church's Spiritual State Paul expresses his fear that he may find the Corinthians in a state of sin, saying, "I fear that when I come, I may not find you as I wish" (2 Corinthians 12:20). This theme highlights the importance of spiritual vigilance and accountability within the church community. Prayer Points Thanksgiving for God's Grace Thank God for His sufficient grace and ask for a deeper understanding of its power in your life. Strength in Weakness Humility and Dependence Spiritual Growth May this study of 2 Corinthians 12 encourage you to see your weaknesses as a platform for God's power and grace to be magnified in your life. Answering Tough Questions 1. How can Paul’s mention of being caught up to the “third heaven” (2 Corinthians 12:2) align with any known scientific or astronomical model? Bible Study Discussion Questions 1. What does Paul's experience of being caught up to the third heaven teach us about divine revelations? 2. How does Paul's response to his "thorn in the flesh" inform our response to personal suffering or hardship? 3. How can we understand God's statement, "My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness," in the context of our daily lives? 4. How does Paul's approach to his weaknesses challenge societal perspectives on strength and success? 5. Why does Paul take pleasure in weaknesses, insults, hardships, persecutions, and difficulties? How can this change our outlook on adversities? 6. How does Paul's selfless concern for the Corinthians inform our understanding of Christian leadership? 7. What can we learn from Paul's worries about the potential moral failings of the Corinthians? 8. How does this chapter reinforce the concept of strength in weakness in our spiritual journey? 9. How can Paul's approach to suffering serve as a model in your life when facing trials? 10. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's power in a situation of personal weakness. 11. How does this chapter challenge your understanding of spiritual experiences and their impact on our spiritual growth? 12. How can you apply the principle of God's grace being sufficient in your life when facing challenges? 13. In what ways can Paul's love and concern for the Corinthians inspire us in our relationships within our church community? 14. How does Paul's fear of potential strife, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, etc., in the Corinthian church relate to current challenges in the church community? 15. How does the concept of 'strength in weakness' apply in your personal, professional, and spiritual life? 16. How can we ensure that we value people over possessions in our relationships, as Paul did with the Corinthians? 17. In what ways does this chapter deepen your understanding of God's grace and power? 18. How can you, like Paul, demonstrate in your actions the signs of a true disciple? 19. What are some practical ways to put into action the idea of taking pleasure in weaknesses or hardships for Christ's sake? 20. How does Paul's third plea for the removal of his 'thorn' speak to our own unanswered prayers, and how can it encourage us to continue trusting in God's grace? 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