Isaiah 59:20-21
This prophecy is echoed in Romans 11:26-27, affirming God's covenant with Israel.

Ephesians 2:11-22
Explores the unity of Jews and Gentiles in Christ, similar to the themes in Romans 11.

Jeremiah 31:31-34
The promise of a new covenant with Israel, which is fulfilled in Christ.God's Faithfulness to Israel
Despite Israel's current unbelief, God has not rejected His people. Romans 11:1-2 states, I ask then, has God rejected His people? Certainly not! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. God did not reject His people, whom He foreknew.

The Remnant Chosen by Grace
God has preserved a remnant of Israel by grace, not by works. Romans 11:5-6 says, So too, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. And if it is by grace, then it is no longer by works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.

Gentiles Grafted In
The Gentiles have been grafted into the olive tree of God's people, sharing in the blessings of the covenant. Romans 11:17-18 warns, If some branches have been broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root, do not boast over those branches.

The Mystery of Israel's Hardening
Israel's partial hardening has allowed the fullness of the Gentiles to come in, but this is temporary. Romans 11:25 reveals, I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers, so that you will not be conceited: A hardening in part has come to Israel, until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.

All Israel Will Be Saved
God's ultimate plan includes the salvation of all Israel. Romans 11:26-27 promises, And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: 'The Deliverer will come from Zion, He will remove godlessness from Jacob. And this is My covenant with them when I take away their sins.'Embrace Humility
Recognize that salvation is by grace alone, and avoid boasting over others. Reflect on Romans 11:20, Do not be arrogant, but be afraid.

Pray for Israel
Intercede for the salvation of Israel, understanding God's heart for His chosen people.

Share the Gospel
Be encouraged to share the gospel with both Jews and Gentiles, knowing God's desire for all to come to repentance.

Trust in God's Sovereignty
Rest in the assurance that God's plans are perfect and His promises are sure.1. Paul
Paul is the author of the letter to the Romans. In Romans 11:1, he identifies himself as an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. He uses his own heritage to argue that God has not rejected His people, Israel.

2. Elijah
Elijah is referenced in Romans 11:2-4. Paul cites the account of Elijah from 1 Kings 19, where Elijah pleads with God against Israel, thinking he is the only faithful one left. God reassures Elijah that He has preserved a remnant of 7,000 who have not bowed to Baal.

3. David
David is mentioned in Romans 11:9-10. Paul quotes from the Psalms, attributed to David, to illustrate the spiritual blindness and stumbling of Israel: “Let their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution to them.”

4. Israel
Throughout Romans 11, Israel is a central focus. Paul discusses the spiritual state of Israel, their partial hardening, and the eventual salvation of a remnant. He emphasizes that Israel's rejection is not total or final, as God has preserved a faithful remnant.

5. Gentiles
The Gentiles are addressed in Romans 11:11-25. Paul explains that salvation has come to the Gentiles to provoke Israel to jealousy. He uses the metaphor of an olive tree to describe how Gentiles, as wild branches, have been grafted in among the natural branches (Israel).

6. The Remnant
In Romans 11:5, Paul speaks of a remnant chosen by grace. This remnant refers to the faithful Israelites who have accepted the gospel, demonstrating that God has not completely rejected His people.1. Israel
In Romans 11, Israel is central to the discussion. The chapter addresses the spiritual state of Israel and God's plan for the nation. Paul speaks about the remnant of Israel chosen by grace (Romans 11:5) and the eventual salvation of all Israel (Romans 11:26). The term "Israel" in the original Greek is "Ἰσραήλ" (Israel), referring to the descendants of Jacob, also known as the Jewish people, and their unique covenant relationship with God.

While Romans 11 does not list multiple geographical locations, it is deeply rooted in the theological and spiritual significance of Israel within God's redemptive plan.1. God Has Not Rejected His People
Paul begins by asserting that God has not rejected His people, Israel. He uses himself as an example, being an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin.
^Scripture Reference:^ "I ask then, did God reject His people? Certainly not! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin." (Romans 11:1)
^Greek Insight:^ The Greek word for "rejected" is "ἀπώσατο" (apōsato), indicating a strong denial of abandonment.

2. A Remnant Chosen by Grace
Paul explains that there is a remnant of Israel chosen by grace, not by works, emphasizing God's sovereign choice.
^Scripture Reference:^ "So too, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace." (Romans 11:5)
^Greek Insight:^ The term "remnant" is "λεῖμμα" (leimma), meaning a small remaining quantity, highlighting God's preservation of a faithful group.

3. Israel's Hardening and Gentile Inclusion
Israel's hardening is described as partial and temporary, allowing Gentiles to be grafted in, which serves to provoke Israel to jealousy.
^Scripture Reference:^ "What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened." (Romans 11:7)
^Greek Insight:^ "Hardened" is "ἐπωρώθησαν" (epōrōthēsan), suggesting a spiritual insensitivity or callousness.

4. The Olive Tree Analogy
Paul uses the analogy of an olive tree to explain how Gentiles are grafted into the rich root of Israel, while warning them not to boast over the natural branches.
^Scripture Reference:^ "If some of the branches have been broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root," (Romans 11:17)
^Greek Insight:^ "Grafted" is "ἐνεκεντρίσθης" (enekentristhēs), a horticultural term for inserting a shoot into a tree.

5. All Israel Will Be Saved
Paul prophesies that all Israel will eventually be saved, quoting from the Old Testament to support this future restoration.
^Scripture Reference:^ "And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written: 'The Deliverer will come from Zion; He will remove godlessness from Jacob.'" (Romans 11:26)
^Greek Insight:^ "Saved" is "σωθήσεται" (sōthēsetai), indicating a future tense, pointing to a future fulfillment of God's promise.

6. God's Irrevocable Gifts and Calling
Paul emphasizes that God's gifts and calling are irrevocable, underscoring the faithfulness of God to His promises.
^Scripture Reference:^ "For God’s gifts and His call are irrevocable." (Romans 11:29)
^Greek Insight:^ "Irrevocable" is "ἀμεταμέλητα" (ametamelēta), meaning not subject to change or repentance.

7. Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Knowledge
The chapter concludes with a doxology, praising the depth of God's wisdom and knowledge, and His unsearchable judgments.
^Scripture Reference:^ "Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments, and untraceable His ways!" (Romans 11:33)
^Greek Insight:^ "Unsearchable" is "ἀνεξερεύνητα" (anexereunēta), conveying the idea of being beyond human understanding.1. The Remnant of Israel (Romans 11:1-6)
Paul begins by affirming that God has not rejected His people, Israel. He uses himself as an example of a faithful remnant, emphasizing that there is a remnant chosen by grace. The Greek term "λέιμμα" (leimma) is used for "remnant," indicating a small, preserved group.

2. Israel's Hardening and Gentile Inclusion (Romans 11:7-12)
The passage discusses how Israel's hardening has led to the salvation of the Gentiles. This hardening is not total or permanent, as it serves a purpose in God's redemptive plan. The Greek word "πώρωσις" (porosis) refers to this hardening or callousness.

3. The Olive Tree Analogy (Romans 11:13-24)
Paul uses the metaphor of an olive tree to explain the relationship between Israel and the Gentiles. The natural branches (Israel) were broken off due to unbelief, and wild branches (Gentiles) were grafted in. The Greek term "ἐγκεντρίζω" (enkentrizo) means "to graft in."

4. The Mystery of Israel's Salvation (Romans 11:25-32)
Paul reveals a mystery: Israel's partial hardening will last until the full number of Gentiles has come in, and then all Israel will be saved. The Greek word "μυστήριον" (mysterion) indicates a divine secret now revealed.

5. Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom (Romans 11:33-36)
The chapter concludes with a doxology, praising the depth of God's wisdom and knowledge. Paul marvels at God's unsearchable judgments and ways, emphasizing His sovereignty and glory. The Greek word "δόξα" (doxa) is used for "glory."1. The Remnant of Israel
Paul begins by affirming that God has not rejected His people, Israel. He cites the example of Elijah and the remnant chosen by grace: "God did not reject His people, whom He foreknew" (Romans 11:2). The Greek term "προέγνω" (proegnō) implies God's foreknowledge and intimate relationship with Israel.

2. Grace and Works
The theme of grace versus works is highlighted as Paul explains that the remnant is chosen by grace, not by works: "And if by grace, then it is no longer by works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace" (Romans 11:6). The Greek word "χάρις" (charis) emphasizes unmerited favor.

3. Israel's Hardening
Paul discusses the partial hardening of Israel, which serves a divine purpose: "God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that could not see and ears that could not hear, to this very day" (Romans 11:8). The Greek "πώρωσις" (pōrōsis) refers to a spiritual insensitivity or hardening.

4. Gentile Inclusion
The inclusion of the Gentiles is a key theme, as their salvation is meant to provoke Israel to jealousy: "Rather, because of their trespass, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel jealous" (Romans 11:11). The Greek "παράπτωμα" (paraptōma) indicates a misstep or transgression.

5. The Olive Tree Metaphor
Paul uses the metaphor of an olive tree to describe the relationship between Israel and the Gentiles: "If some branches have been broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others" (Romans 11:17). The imagery of grafting highlights the unity and continuity of God's people.

6. Warning Against Arrogance
Gentile believers are cautioned against arrogance: "Do not boast over those branches. If you do, remember this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you" (Romans 11:18). The Greek "καυχάομαι" (kauchaomai) means to boast or glory in oneself.

7. The Mystery of Israel's Salvation
Paul reveals the mystery of Israel's eventual salvation: "And so all Israel will be saved, as it is written" (Romans 11:26). The Greek "μυστήριον" (mystērion) refers to a divine secret now revealed.

8. God's Mercy and Wisdom
The chapter concludes with a doxology praising God's wisdom and mercy: "For God has consigned all men to disobedience, so that He may have mercy on them all" (Romans 11:32). The Greek "ἔλεος" (eleos) underscores God's compassionate mercy.1. Romans 11:1 – Does Paul’s claim that God has not rejected Israel contradict Old Testament accounts of divine judgment against Israel?

2. Romans 11:14 – Is there any historical or archaeological evidence verifying that Paul’s efforts truly provoked his fellow Jews to embrace Christ?

3. Romans 11:17–18 – How can the metaphor of grafting branches represent a real spiritual transformation without conflicting scientific understanding of plant biology?

4. Romans 11:25–26 – Does the statement “all Israel will be saved” align with other biblical passages that suggest some Israelites remain unbelieving and lost?

5. Romans 11:33–34 – How can the “unsearchable” knowledge and judgments of God be tested or verified in any objective, historical, or scientific sense?

1. What does the concept of "remnant" reveal about God's faithfulness?

2. How does the partial hardening of Israel lead to salvation for the Gentiles?

3. What is the significance of the metaphor of the olive tree?

4. How does Romans 11 shape your understanding of God's plan for both Israel and the Gentiles?

5. In what ways does the eventual restoration of Israel demonstrate God's mercy and faithfulness?

6. How do you understand the mystery of Israel's salvation as explained by Paul?

7. How can we apply the caution against arrogance given to the Gentiles to our lives today?

8. How does the concept of God’s mercy on all, regardless of disobedience, influence your perspective on God's character?

9. In light of Romans 11, how do you understand the relationship between Jewish and Gentile believers?

10. What insights does Paul's doxology provide about our response to God’s wisdom and mercy?

11. How does the concept of 'all things come from Him' shape your understanding of your relationship with God and the world around you?

12. What can we learn about humility and dependence on God from the metaphor of the olive tree?

13. How does Paul's understanding of God's plan for Israel challenge or affirm your own understanding?

14. How does the theme of God’s sovereign election play out in this chapter?

15. What implications does the mystery of Israel’s hardening have for our understanding of God’s purposes?

16. How does the concept of Gentiles being grafted in shape your understanding of God’s inclusivity?

17. What does the chapter teach about how we should respond when God's plans seem difficult to understand?

18. How can the teachings in Romans 11 guide you in your interactions with people of different faith backgrounds?

19. In light of Romans 11, how can you cultivate an attitude of reverence and awe for God's unsearchable wisdom and knowledge?

20. How does this chapter shape your understanding of God's long-term plans and His patience with humanity?