Isaiah 58:6-7
This passage echoes the call for a fast that pleases God, focusing on justice and care for the needy.

Micah 6:8
He has shown you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?

Matthew 23:23
Jesus criticizes the Pharisees for neglecting justice, mercy, and faithfulness, emphasizing the weightier matters of the law.Historical Context
Zechariah 7 occurs during the rebuilding of the temple after the Babylonian exile. The people inquire whether they should continue fasting as they did during the exile (Zechariah 7:3).

God's Response through Zechariah
The Lord questions the sincerity of their fasting, asking, When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months for the past seventy years, was it really for Me that you fasted? (Zechariah 7:5). This highlights the importance of genuine devotion over mere ritual.

Call to Justice and Mercy
God reminds the people of His commands: Administer true justice. Show loving devotion and compassion to one another (Zechariah 7:9). This underscores that God values ethical living and relationships over empty religious observance.

Consequences of Disobedience
The chapter recounts the consequences faced by their ancestors for ignoring God's commands, leading to their exile (Zechariah 7:11-14). This serves as a warning against hardening one's heart to God's word.Examine Your Motives
Reflect on your religious practices. Are they done out of genuine love for God, or have they become routine? Seek to align your heart with God's desires.

Pursue Justice and Mercy
Actively seek opportunities to administer justice and show compassion in your community. Let your faith be demonstrated through actions that reflect God's character.

Listen to God's Word
Avoid the mistakes of the past by being attentive and responsive to God's instructions. Regularly engage with Scripture to understand His will for your life.1. Zechariah
Zechariah is the prophet who receives the word of the LORD. His role is to convey God's message to the people of Israel. The name Zechariah (זְכַרְיָה, Zekaryah) means "Yahweh remembers."

2. The LORD of Hosts
This is a title for God, emphasizing His sovereignty and command over the heavenly armies. In Hebrew, it is "יהוה צְבָאוֹת" (YHWH Tseva'ot), often translated as "LORD Almighty" or "LORD of Hosts."

3. The People of Bethel
A group of individuals from Bethel who send representatives to seek guidance from the LORD. Bethel, meaning "House of God" (בֵּית אֵל, Bethel), is a significant location in Israel's history.

4. Sharezer
One of the men sent by the people of Bethel to inquire of the LORD. His name, of Assyrian origin, means "Protect the king."

5. Regem-melech
Another representative sent by the people of Bethel. His name means "Friend of the king" or "King's official."

6. The Priests
The religious leaders who serve in the house of the LORD. They are responsible for performing sacrifices and maintaining the temple rituals.

7. The Prophets
The individuals who convey God's messages to the people. They play a crucial role in guiding and correcting the nation according to God's will.1. Bethel
In Zechariah 7:2, Bethel is mentioned as the place from which people sent representatives to seek the favor of the LORD. Bethel, meaning "House of God" in Hebrew, was historically significant as a center of worship and a place where Jacob had a vision of God (Genesis 28:19).

2. The House of the LORD of Hosts
This phrase, found in Zechariah 7:3, refers to the temple in Jerusalem. The term "LORD of Hosts" (Yahweh Sabaoth in Hebrew) emphasizes God's sovereignty and command over the heavenly armies. The temple was the central place of worship and sacrifice for the Israelites.1. The Date of the Word of the LORD
"In the fourth year of King Darius, the word of the LORD came to Zechariah on the fourth day of the ninth month, the month of Kislev." (Zechariah 7:1)
This event sets the historical context, indicating the specific time when the word of the LORD was delivered to Zechariah. The Hebrew term for "word" (דָּבָר, ^dabar^) signifies a divine message or command.

2. The Delegation from Bethel
"Now the people of Bethel had sent Sharezer, Regem-melech, and their men to plead for the LORD’s favor..." (Zechariah 7:2)
A delegation is sent from Bethel to seek the LORD's favor, indicating a desire for divine guidance or approval. The names Sharezer and Regem-melech reflect the Babylonian influence during the exile.

3. The Question about Fasting
"...by asking the priests of the house of the LORD of Hosts and the prophets, 'Should I mourn and fast in the fifth month, as I have done for these many years?'" (Zechariah 7:3)
The delegation inquires whether they should continue the practice of fasting in the fifth month, a tradition observed during the Babylonian exile. The Hebrew word for "fast" (צוֹם, ^tsom^) implies abstaining from food for religious purposes.

4. The LORD’s Response through Zechariah
"Then the word of the LORD of Hosts came to me, saying..." (Zechariah 7:4)
The LORD responds through Zechariah, indicating that the inquiry about fasting is being addressed directly by God. The phrase "word of the LORD" emphasizes the divine authority of the message.

5. Rebuke of Insincere Fasting
"Ask all the people of the land and the priests: ‘When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months for the past seventy years, was it really for Me that you fasted?'" (Zechariah 7:5)
The LORD questions the sincerity of their fasting, suggesting that their actions were not genuinely directed towards Him. The Hebrew root for "mourned" (סָפַד, ^saphad^) conveys lamentation or sorrow.

6. Call to Obedience and Justice
"Are these not the words that the LORD proclaimed through the earlier prophets when Jerusalem and its surrounding towns were at rest and prosperous, and the Negev and the foothills were inhabited?" (Zechariah 7:7)
The LORD reminds the people of the messages delivered by earlier prophets, emphasizing themes of justice, mercy, and obedience over ritualistic practices. The Hebrew term for "proclaimed" (קָרָא, ^qara^) indicates a public declaration or call.1. The Inquiry of the People (Zechariah 7:1-3)
The chapter begins with a delegation sent to seek the LORD's favor and inquire about continuing the fasts. This occurs in the fourth year of King Darius, highlighting the historical context. The Hebrew root for "inquire" (דָּרַשׁ, darash) implies a diligent seeking or investigation, indicating the seriousness of their question.

2. The LORD's Response through Zechariah (Zechariah 7:4-7)
God responds through the prophet Zechariah, questioning the sincerity of the people's fasting and mourning. The LORD asks if their fasting was truly for Him, emphasizing the importance of genuine worship over ritualistic practices. The Hebrew word for "fast" (צוֹם, tzom) is used, which traditionally signifies abstaining from food for spiritual purposes.

3. Call to Justice and Mercy (Zechariah 7:8-10)
The LORD commands the people to execute true justice, show mercy, and compassion to one another. This section highlights the ethical demands of the covenant, focusing on social justice and care for the vulnerable. The Hebrew word for "justice" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) underscores the legal and moral obligations of the community.

4. The Rebellion of the Ancestors (Zechariah 7:11-14)
The chapter concludes with a reminder of the ancestors' disobedience and the resulting consequences. The people had turned a stubborn shoulder and stopped their ears from hearing the law and the words sent by the former prophets. The Hebrew term for "stubborn" (סָרַר, sarar) conveys a sense of rebellion and obstinacy, illustrating the people's resistance to God's commands.1. True Worship vs. Ritualism
Zechariah 7:5-6 highlights the distinction between genuine worship and mere ritualistic practices. The Lord questions whether the fasts were truly for Him, emphasizing that worship should be heartfelt rather than just external observance. The Hebrew root for "fast" (צוֹם, tsom) implies abstaining for spiritual purposes, which should be directed towards God rather than self-centered rituals.

2. Call to Justice and Mercy
In Zechariah 7:9-10, the Lord commands the people to "Administer true justice; show loving devotion and compassion to one another." This theme underscores the importance of social justice and mercy, reflecting God's character. The Hebrew word for "justice" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) involves fairness and righteousness, while "loving devotion" (חֶסֶד, chesed) conveys steadfast love and kindness.

3. Warning Against Hard-heartedness
Zechariah 7:11-12 describes the people's refusal to heed God's words, illustrating a theme of hard-heartedness. They "stopped their ears" and "made their hearts like flint," resisting the Spirit's guidance. The Hebrew term for "flint" (שָׁמִיר, shamir) symbolizes stubbornness and an unyielding heart, warning against spiritual insensitivity.

4. Consequences of Disobedience
The chapter concludes with a reminder of the consequences faced by the ancestors due to their disobedience (Zechariah 7:13-14). The Lord scattered them among the nations, emphasizing that ignoring God's commands leads to judgment. This theme serves as a cautionary tale about the repercussions of turning away from God's instructions.1. In Zechariah 7:1–3, how does the timeline of the fourth year of King Darius align with known Persian historical records?

2. Zechariah 7:5 mentions seventy years of fasting; is there archaeological or historical evidence to confirm the exact duration of this period?

3. If God is all-knowing, why would Zechariah 7:5–6 question whether the people were sincerely fasting for Him?

4. Zechariah 7:9–10 commands mercy and compassion; how do these ideals reconcile with earlier Old Testament accounts of conquest and violence?

5. In Zechariah 7:12, the people are criticized for refusing to heed God’s message; why would an omnipotent deity rely on human compliance for His plans?

1. What are the dangers of practicing religious rituals without genuine devotion as depicted in Zechariah 7?

2. How does the message in Zechariah 7 about true fasting and justice apply to our lives today?

3. Compare the form of fasting practiced by the Israelites in Zechariah 7 with the concept of fasting in modern Christianity.

4. Reflect on God's response to the inquiry from Bethel. What does it teach us about the intention behind our acts of worship?

5. How does Zechariah 7 challenge your understanding of social justice in the context of faith?

6. Reflect on a time when you acted with justice, mercy, and compassion, as advised in Zechariah 7. How did it feel, and what impact did it have on others?

7. What are some practical ways we can avoid “hardening our hearts” as the Israelites did?

8. How does Zechariah 7 guide us in treating strangers, the poor, widows, and the fatherless?

9. How does God's response to the Israelites' disobedience resonate with contemporary issues in society?

10. How can we apply the teachings of Zechariah 7 in our daily lives, particularly in regard to true piety and social responsibility?

11. What lessons can churches today learn from Zechariah 7 about the nature of true worship?

12. How can we ensure our acts of piety, like fasting, are sincere and not just for outward show?

13. Reflect on the consequences of Israel's stubbornness in Zechariah 7. How can we learn from their mistakes?

14. In what ways does Zechariah 7 emphasize the importance of inward change over outward rituals?

15. How can Zechariah 7 inspire us to be more compassionate in our dealings with others?

16. How can you personally respond to the call to justice and compassion in Zechariah 7?

17. How does God's anger at Israel's stubbornness and their subsequent punishment relate to concepts of divine justice?

18. How does the question God asks about who the people were truly fasting for challenge our perceptions of religious practices?

19. Reflect on the way the Israelites ignored the prophets' warnings. How does this relate to ignoring warnings or signs in your own life?

20. What changes would you make in your life after reading and reflecting on Zechariah 7?