You shall not bear false witness
This commandment is part of the Decalogue, given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. Bearing false witness refers to giving untrue testimony, particularly in a legal context. In ancient Israel, the legal system relied heavily on the testimony of witnesses, as there was no forensic evidence or modern investigative techniques. False testimony could lead to unjust outcomes, including wrongful punishment or even death. This commandment underscores the importance of truthfulness and integrity in maintaining justice and social order. The principle of truth-telling is echoed throughout Scripture, such as in Proverbs 12:22, which states, "Lying lips are an abomination to the LORD, but those who act faithfully are his delight."

against your neighbor.
The term "neighbor" in this context refers to fellow members of the community, emphasizing the relational aspect of the commandment. In the broader biblical narrative, "neighbor" extends beyond immediate community to include all people, as seen in Jesus' teaching in the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37). The commandment highlights the ethical responsibility individuals have towards one another, promoting trust and harmony within the community. In a New Testament context, this principle is expanded in Ephesians 4:25, where believers are instructed to "put away falsehood" and "speak the truth with his neighbor," reflecting the call to live in truth as part of the body of Christ.

1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were delivered from slavery in Egypt and were given the Law to guide their covenant relationship with God.

3. Mount Sinai
The mountain where God gave Moses the Ten Commandments, including the commandment against bearing false witness.

4. God
The divine lawgiver who established the moral and ethical standards for His people through the commandments.

5. Neighbor
In the context of this commandment, a fellow member of the community or society, emphasizing the importance of truthfulness in relationships.The Importance of Truthfulness
Truthfulness is foundational to trust and integrity in relationships. Bearing false witness undermines community and personal integrity.

The Impact of False Witness
False testimony can lead to injustice, harm reputations, and destroy relationships. It is a sin against both God and neighbor.

Guarding Our Speech
Believers are called to be mindful of their words, ensuring they reflect truth and love, as our speech is a reflection of our heart.

Accountability to God
As followers of Christ, we are accountable to God for our words. We must strive to uphold His standards of truth in all our interactions.

Building a Culture of Honesty
In our communities, we should promote a culture of honesty and integrity, encouraging others to speak truthfully and uphold justice.(16) Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.--Our fourth duty to our neighbour is not to injure his character. Our great poet has said--

"Who steals my purse, steals trash,

But he who filches from me my good name,

Robs me of that which not enriches him,

Yet leaves me poor indeed,"--

Thus indicating the fact that calumny may injure a man more than robbery. False witness is, of course, worst when given in a court of justice; and this offence has generally been made punishable by law. It was peculiar to the Hebrew legislation that it not only forbade and punished (Deuteronomy 19:16-20) false testimony of this extreme kind, but denounced also the far commoner, yet scarcely less injurious, practice of spreading untrue reports about others, thus injuring them in men's esteem. The ninth commandment is broad enough in its terms to cover both forms of the sin, though pointing especially to the form which is of the more heinous character. Lest its wider bearing should be overlooked, the Divine legislator added later a distinct prohibition of calumny in the words. "Thou shalt not raise a false report" (Exodus 23:1).

Verse 16. - Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. False witness is of two kinds, public and private. We may either seek to damage our neighbour by giving false evidence against him in a court of justice, or simply calumniate him to others in our social intercourse with them. The form of the expression here used points especially to false witness of the former kind, but does not exclude the latter, which is expressly forbidden in Exodus 23:1. The wrong done to a man by false evidence in a court may be a wrong of the very extremest kind - may be actual murder (1 Kings 21:13) More often, however, it results in an injury to his property or his character. As fatal to the administration of justice, false witness in courts has been severely visited by penalties in all well-regulated states. At Athens the false witness was liable to a heavy fine, and if thrice convicted lost all his civil rights. At Rome, by a law of the Twelve Tables, he was hurled headlong from the Tarpeian rock. In Egypt, false witness was punished by amputation of the nose and ears (Records of the Past, vol. 8. p. 65). Private calumny may sometimes involve as serious consequences to individuals as false witness in a court. It may ruin a man; it may madden him; it may drive him to suicide. But it does not disorganise the whole framework of society, like perjured evidence before a tribunal; and states generally are content to leave the injured party to the remedy of an action-at-law. The Mosaic legislation was probably the first wherein it was positively forbidden to circulate reports to the prejudice of another, and where consequently this was a criminal offence.

Parallel Commentaries ...


You shall not
לֹֽא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

bear
תַעֲנֶ֥ה (ṯa·‘ă·neh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 6030: To answer, respond

FALSE
שָֽׁקֶר׃ (šā·qer)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8267: Deception, disappointment, falsehood

witness
עֵ֥ד (‘êḏ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5707: A witness, testimony, a recorder, prince

against your neighbor.
בְרֵעֲךָ֖ (ḇə·rê·‘ă·ḵā)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 7453: Friend, companion, fellow


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OT Law: Exodus 20:16 You shall not give false testimony against (Exo. Ex)