Lexical Summary toinun: therefore, then, so then Original Word: τοίνυν Strong's Exhaustive Concordance then, therefore. From toi and nun; truly now, i.e. Accordingly -- then, therefore. see GREEK toi see GREEK nun HELPS Word-studies 5106 toínyn (from 5104 /toí, "indeed," strengthening 3568 /nýn, "now in light of what precedes") – now indeed (indeed now), especially now; introducing what is "now logically necessary" in light of what is (already) established. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom toi and nun Definition accordingly, therefore NASB Translation so (1), then (1), therefore (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 5106: τοίνυντοίνυν (from the enclitic τοι and νῦν), from Pindar (and Herodotus) down, therefore, then, accordingly; contrary to the use of the more elegant Greek writing, found at the beginning of the sentence (cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 342f; (Winers Grammar, 559 (519f); Buttmann, § 150, 19)): Hebrews 13:13 (Isaiah 3:10; Isaiah 5:13); as in the better writings, after the first word: Luke 20:25 (yet T Tr WH put it first here also); 1 Corinthians 9:26 and Rec. in James 2:24 (Wis. 1:11 Wis. 8:9; 4 Macc. 1:13, 15ff). Topical Lexicon Linguistic and Literary Function Τοίνυν is a concise connective that joins an established premise to an unavoidable conclusion. Rather than introducing a new idea, it summons the reader or listener to respond appropriately to what has already been demonstrated. In classical rhetoric such particles helped speakers drive their hearers toward decisive action; in the New Testament, τοίνυν does the same, sharpening transitions from doctrine to duty, from fact to faithful response. Occurrences in the New Testament 1. Luke 20:25 Each setting features a logical flow that moves from proposition to practice, showing how early Christian authors employed τοίνυν to press home spiritual and ethical imperatives. In the Lucan Narrative (Luke 20:25) Jesus’ exchange about paying taxes hinges on two realities: Caesar’s civil authority and God’s ultimate sovereignty. Having exposed the hypocrisy of His interrogators, the Lord says, “Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s”. Τοίνυν is the pivot between unveiled truth and concrete obedience. The particle underscores that once God’s image-bearing claim on humanity is recognized, practical allegiance to both temporal and eternal authorities is non-negotiable. Pauline Athletic Imagery (1 Corinthians 9:26) After setting forth the self-discipline required of gospel ministry, Paul declares, “Therefore I do not run aimlessly; I do not fight like I am beating the air”. Τοίνυν tightens the link between the imperishability of the believer’s crown and the apostle’s refusal to waste motion. The particle signals that gospel certainty fuels ethical intensity: doctrine drives discipline. For ministers and congregations alike, Paul’s usage warns against complacency and encourages purposeful service. Call to Shared Reproach (Hebrews 13:13) Hebrews marshals Old Testament typology to portray Christ’s sufferings outside the camp. The exhortation follows: “Therefore let us go to Him outside the camp, bearing the disgrace He bore”. Τοίνυν here binds the finished atoning work of Jesus to the believer’s willingness to embrace marginalization. The particle transforms theological exposition into a summons to costly allegiance, reminding the community that identification with Christ may entail social exclusion but also promises enduring city-hope (Hebrews 13:14). Historical and Ministry Significance • Early Christian writers adopted familiar Greco-Roman connective techniques yet infused them with Spirit-breathed authority. Τοίνυν illustrates how biblical authors engaged prevailing linguistic conventions in service of divine revelation. Implications for Exegesis and Discipleship 1. Observe context: Τοίνυν never stands isolated; it always leans on prior revelation. Effective study traces the argument it concludes. Conclusion Τοίνυν may be a small word, but it signals weighty moments where biblical authors turn revelation into requirement. Noticing these junctures enriches interpretation, clarifies application, and strengthens the church’s resolve to live out the implications of the gospel in every sphere of life. Forms and Transliterations Τοινυν Τοίνυν Toinun Toinyn ToínynLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Luke 20:25 ConjGRK: πρὸς αὐτούς Τοίνυν ἀπόδοτε τὰ NAS: And He said to them, Then render KJV: Render therefore unto Caesar INT: to them therefore give the things 1 Corinthians 9:26 Conj Hebrews 13:13 Conj |
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