Isaiah 14:29-31
Another prophecy against the Philistines, reinforcing the theme of God's judgment on nations.

Ezekiel 25:15-17
A parallel prophecy that further illustrates God's sovereignty over the Philistines.

Psalm 2:1-12
A psalm that speaks to God's authority over the nations and the futility of opposing His will.

Acts 17:26-27
Paul speaks of God's sovereignty in determining the times and places for nations, emphasizing His desire for all to seek Him.God's Sovereignty Over Nations
Jeremiah 47:1-2 begins with a prophecy against the Philistines, highlighting that God's authority is not limited to Israel. This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the Philistines before Pharaoh attacked Gaza.

The Certainty of God's Judgment
Verses 3-4 describe the impending destruction with vivid imagery, emphasizing the certainty and thoroughness of God's judgment. The fathers will not turn back for their children; their hands will hang limp.

The Role of Prophets
Jeremiah serves as God's mouthpiece, demonstrating the importance of prophets in communicating God's will and warnings to the nations.

The Inevitability of God's Plans
Despite human efforts to resist or escape, God's plans will come to pass. Verse 6 asks, Alas, O sword of the LORD, how long until you rest? Return to your sheath; cease and be still.Trust in God's Sovereignty
Recognize that God is in control of all nations and events, and trust Him even when circumstances seem chaotic.

Heed God's Warnings
Just as the Philistines were warned, we should be attentive to God's warnings in our lives and respond with repentance and obedience.

Pray for Nations
Intercede for nations around the world, asking God to bring justice, peace, and the knowledge of Him to all people.

Reflect on God's Justice and Mercy
Consider how God's justice is balanced with His mercy, and how this should influence our interactions with others.1. The LORD (Yahweh)
The chapter begins with the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah concerning the Philistines. The LORD is the central figure who delivers the prophecy. In Hebrew, the name used is "YHWH" (יהוה), which is the sacred name of God in the Old Testament. The Berean Standard Bible states: "This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the Philistines before Pharaoh attacked Gaza" (Jeremiah 47:1).

2. Jeremiah
The prophet through whom the word of the LORD is delivered. Jeremiah is the human messenger chosen by God to convey His message to the people. The BSB refers to him as "Jeremiah the prophet."

3. The Philistines
Although not a single person, the Philistines are the primary group addressed in this prophecy. They were an ancient people who lived in the coastal region of Canaan. The prophecy speaks of their impending destruction. The BSB mentions them in the context of the prophecy: "For the day has come to destroy all the Philistines" (Jeremiah 47:4).

4. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt at the time, mentioned in the context of attacking Gaza, a Philistine city. While not directly involved in the prophecy's fulfillment, Pharaoh's actions are part of the historical backdrop. The BSB states: "before Pharaoh attacked Gaza" (Jeremiah 47:1).1. Gaza
Gaza is one of the principal cities of the Philistines. In Jeremiah 47:1, it is mentioned as a place that will experience destruction: "This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the Philistines before Pharaoh attacked Gaza." The Hebrew root for Gaza is "עַזָּה" (ʿazzâ), which means "strong" or "fortress."

2. Ashkelon
Ashkelon is another major Philistine city. In Jeremiah 47:5, it is described as being in mourning: "Baldness has come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is silenced. O remnant of their valley, how long will you gash yourself?" The Hebrew root for Ashkelon is "אַשְׁקְלוֹן" (ʾašqəlôn), which is derived from a root meaning "to weigh" or "to balance."1. Prophecy Against the Philistines
The chapter begins with a prophecy given to Jeremiah concerning the Philistines. This prophecy is delivered before Pharaoh attacked Gaza. The Philistines were a significant group in the ancient Near East, often in conflict with Israel.

2. The Waters Rising from the North
The prophecy describes "waters rising from the north" that will become an "overflowing torrent" (Jeremiah 47:2). This imagery symbolizes an invading army, likely the Babylonians, coming to bring destruction. The Hebrew word for "waters" (מַיִם, mayim) often symbolizes chaos and overwhelming force.

3. The Panic and Lamentation
As the invading force approaches, the people will cry out, and there will be great lamentation. The text describes fathers not turning back for their children due to the overwhelming fear and chaos (Jeremiah 47:3).

4. Destruction of the Philistine Cities
The prophecy specifically mentions the destruction of key Philistine cities, including Gaza and Ashkelon. The Hebrew root for "cut off" (כָּרַת, karat) in Jeremiah 47:5 indicates a complete and decisive end to these places.

5. The Sword of the LORD
The chapter concludes with a vivid depiction of the "sword of the LORD" that will not be quiet until it has accomplished its purpose against the Philistines (Jeremiah 47:6-7). This metaphor emphasizes divine judgment and the inevitability of God's will being fulfilled.1. Prophecy Against the Philistines
Jeremiah 47 begins with a prophecy concerning the Philistines. The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah before Pharaoh attacked Gaza. This sets the stage for the judgment that is to come upon the Philistines, a recurring theme in the prophetic literature where God pronounces judgment on the nations surrounding Israel.

2. The Rising Waters from the North
The prophecy describes an impending disaster likened to rising waters from the north, which will overflow the land and everything in it. This imagery of overwhelming waters symbolizes an invading army, often associated with Babylon in the prophetic texts. The Hebrew word for "waters" (מַיִם, mayim) emphasizes the destructive and unstoppable nature of this force.

3. The Panic and Despair of the Philistines
The text vividly portrays the panic and despair that will grip the Philistines. Fathers will not turn back for their children because their hands will hang limp. This highlights the totality of the chaos and the breakdown of social and familial structures in the face of divine judgment.

4. The Day of the LORD's Vengeance
The passage refers to this event as the day of the LORD's vengeance, a common theme in the prophetic books where God executes judgment on the nations. The Hebrew term for "vengeance" (נָקָם, naqam) underscores the idea of divine retribution and justice.

5. The Destruction of Gaza and Ashkelon
Specific cities such as Gaza and Ashkelon are mentioned as targets of destruction. The prophecy foretells the cutting off of the Philistines, including the remnant from the coasts of Caphtor. This reflects the historical enmity between Israel and the Philistines and God's ultimate sovereignty over all nations.

6. The Sword of the LORD
The chapter concludes with a metaphorical depiction of the sword of the LORD, which will not be quiet until it has accomplished its purpose. This symbolizes the certainty and inevitability of God's judgment. The Hebrew word for "sword" (חֶרֶב, chereb) is often used in the context of divine warfare and judgment.1. Divine Judgment on Philistia
Jeremiah 47 begins with a prophecy against the Philistines, indicating God's impending judgment. The chapter opens with, "This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the Philistines before Pharaoh attacked Gaza" (Jeremiah 47:1). The theme of divine judgment is central, as God declares His intention to punish the Philistines for their actions.

2. The Sovereignty of God
The passage emphasizes God's control over nations and events. In verse 2, it states, "This is what the LORD says: 'See how the waters are rising in the north; they will become an overflowing torrent. They will overflow the land and everything in it, the towns and those who live in them.'" The imagery of rising waters symbolizes God's unstoppable power and sovereignty over creation and history.

3. The Inevitability of Destruction
The prophecy describes the certainty of destruction that will come upon the Philistines. Verse 3 mentions, "At the noise of the hooves of galloping steeds, at the rumble of their chariots, the clatter of their wheels, fathers will not turn to help their children; their hands will hang limp." This theme highlights the inevitable and overwhelming nature of the coming judgment.

4. The Futility of Human Defense
The text underscores the futility of human efforts to defend against God's decreed judgment. In verse 5, it is written, "Gaza will shave her head in mourning; Ashkelon will be silenced. O remnant of their valley, how long will you gash yourself?" The act of shaving the head and self-mutilation reflects the despair and helplessness of the Philistines in the face of divine wrath.

5. The Role of Prophetic Warning
Jeremiah's role as a prophet is to deliver God's message of warning and judgment. The chapter serves as a reminder of the importance of heeding prophetic warnings, as they are divinely inspired and intended to call people to repentance and awareness of God's plans.1. Jeremiah 47:1 – Is there any historical or archaeological evidence verifying Pharaoh’s attack on Gaza at this specific time, given the lack of detailed ancient records?

2. Jeremiah 47:2 – How could “waters rising in the north” metaphorically represent the Babylonian threat, and does this imagery conflict with known historical timelines of regional invasions?

3. Jeremiah 47:4 – Did the Philistines ever face complete destruction at this juncture, or does this contradict what we know from other historical accounts or archaeological findings?

4. Jeremiah 47:5 – Why does the prophecy mention baldness at Gaza and Ashkelon’s demise if records indicate these cities continued to exist beyond the period of Jeremiah’s ministry?

5. How do we reconcile Jeremiah 47's severe judgments on the Philistines with sources suggesting a gradual decline instead of sudden annihilation?

1. How does the imagery of the flood in Jeremiah 47 illustrate the nature of God's judgement?

2. How does the prophecy against the Philistines reflect on the concept of divine justice?

3. What parallels can you draw between the prophecies in Jeremiah 47 and the situations in the world today?

4. Why do you think God allowed Jeremiah to see these visions of judgement?

5. How does the concept of God's sovereignty come into play in this chapter?

6. What can we learn from the Philistines' failure to heed prophetic warnings?

7. In what ways does the depiction of suffering in this chapter affect you personally?

8. How does the pleading of the "sword of the LORD" (v.6) personify God's reluctance to inflict suffering?

9. In the face of inevitable judgement, what do you think the Philistines could have done differently?

10. How can the lessons from this chapter be applied to personal repentance and obedience to God?

11. Given the context of this chapter, how can we reconcile a loving God with a God of judgement?

12. What are some actions today that may be provoking the "sword of the LORD" and what can we do about them?

13. How should the lessons from Jeremiah's prophecy influence our response to persistent sin in our society?

14. How does understanding the historical and cultural context of Jeremiah 47 enrich your interpretation of the text?

15. How can this prophetic warning against Philistia serve as a call to action for us today?

16. How can we prevent the metaphorical "flooding" described in Jeremiah 47 in our lives?

17. How can we, as modern-day Christians, recognize and respond to prophetic messages?

18. If you were in the position of the Philistines, how would you have reacted to Jeremiah's prophecy?

19. How does this prophecy challenge your understanding of God’s patience and justice?

20. Considering Jeremiah 47, how can we contribute towards creating societies that are more aligned with God's will?