What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 20:33?

Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan

• “Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan” (1 Samuel 20:33) shows Saul’s rage reaching a shocking new target—his own son.

• Earlier, Saul tried the same violent tactic against David (1 Samuel 18:11; 19:10), revealing a pattern of unchecked anger.

• The spear in Saul’s hand symbolizes authority twisted into aggression—much like Pharaoh’s hardened heart (Exodus 7:13) or King Herod’s fury (Matthew 2:16).

• Saul’s hostility sprang from jealousy (1 Samuel 18:8-9) and spiritual rebellion (1 Samuel 15:23), reminding us that sin left untreated intensifies.

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to kill him

• Saul’s intent is explicit: he “hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him.” The violence isn’t mere intimidation; it is attempted murder, breaking the sixth commandment (Exodus 20:13).

• Jonathan had just defended David (1 Samuel 20:32), so Saul treated him as an enemy, echoing Jesus’ warning that loyalty to righteousness can divide families (Matthew 10:34-36).

• The deadly aim underscores how hate can override natural affection (2 Timothy 3:3).

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So Jonathan knew

• Jonathan had suspected danger (1 Samuel 20:3), but now “Jonathan knew” with absolute clarity. Personal experience cut through any remaining hope that Saul might relent.

• Knowledge births decisive action; Jonathan immediately left the table “burning with anger” (1 Samuel 20:34) and moved to protect David. Compare Peter’s realization in Acts 12:11 when God’s deliverance became undeniable.

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that his father was determined to kill David

• Saul’s determination had been evident before—he sent messengers to arrest David (1 Samuel 19:11), stationed men to watch his house (Psalm 59’s title). Now it is confirmed beyond doubt.

• “Determined” highlights an entrenched resolve, like the Pharisees’ plot against Jesus (John 11:53).

• Jonathan’s loyalty shifts fully to God’s anointed—David—foreshadowing believers choosing Christ over earthly ties (Luke 14:26).

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summary

Saul’s spear thrown at Jonathan exposes the full depth of the king’s rebellion: violence against his own flesh and blood to silence David’s advocate. Jonathan’s eyes are opened; he now knows Saul’s murderous intent is fixed. The passage warns that unchecked sin escalates, yet also highlights the righteousness of standing with God’s chosen, even when it costs dearly in family relationships.