What is the meaning of Exodus 21:23? But if - The phrase signals a conditional situation in Israel’s civil code. God is laying out case law, not vague ideals (Exodus 21:1). - It reminds us that God’s justice addresses real-life scenarios rather than theoretical ethics (Deuteronomy 4:5-8). - The contrast with the previous verses (vv. 22) shows a shift from accidental harm that requires fines to harm that calls for more serious restitution (Numbers 35:22-24). a serious injury results - Scripture distinguishes between minor and major harm; here the damage is severe, life-altering, or fatal (Leviticus 24:19-20). - This clause upholds the sanctity of human life—every life bears God’s image (Genesis 1:27; 9:6). - By specifying “serious,” the law avoids trivializing justice and prevents harsh penalties for lesser offenses (Proverbs 11:1). then you must require - Justice is portrayed as an imperative, not an option. The community, through its judges, is responsible to carry it out (Deuteronomy 16:18-20). - Personal vengeance is replaced with a structured, impartial process (Leviticus 19:18; Romans 12:19). - The standard protects both victim and offender: punishment is neither lax nor excessive (Deuteronomy 19:15-21). a life for a life - Often called the lex talionis, this principle limits retaliation to exact equivalence, preventing escalating blood feuds (Genesis 4:23-24 vs. Matthew 5:38). - It underscores life’s precious value: taking a life is so weighty that only a life can satisfy justice (Numbers 35:30-31). - Civil authorities bear the sword to administer this penalty, not individuals (Romans 13:4). - While the New Testament offers personal forgiveness, it never nullifies government’s God-given duty to punish evil (1 Peter 2:13-14). summary Exodus 21:23 teaches that when severe harm occurs, God’s just order demands proportionate restitution, ultimately valuing life so highly that deliberate taking of life warrants the ultimate penalty. This principle restrains revenge, honors God’s image in humanity, and entrusts justice to lawful authority. |
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