What is the meaning of Exodus 21:9? And if he chooses her for his son • The law assumes a situation in which a man has purchased a Hebrew girl as a servant (Exodus 21:7–8). Should he decide that she become the betrothed of his own son, the relationship instantly shifts from master–servant to prospective father-in-law and daughter-in-law. • This affirms the sanctity of marriage and the family line: the girl may have entered the household as a servant, but once chosen for the son she is on the path to covenant marriage, the same covenant that began with Adam and Eve (Genesis 2:24) and was protected in Israel (Deuteronomy 7:3–4; Exodus 34:16). • It also safeguards her dignity. Instead of leaving her future uncertain, the law provides her with a stable, honorable role within the family (compare Ruth 3:10–11, where a kinsman-redeemer likewise protects Ruth’s future). he must deal with her • “He” now refers to the father who made the original purchase. His responsibilities change: – Provide for her material needs—food, clothing, and shelter—as any father would for his children (Exodus 21:10; 1 Timothy 5:8). – Protect her from mistreatment. Any abuse would violate God’s clear concern for the vulnerable (Psalm 82:3–4; Proverbs 31:8–9). – Uphold her legal rights. She cannot be resold or discarded (Exodus 21:8). This anticipates the later command that a husband may not “deal treacherously” with the wife of his youth (Malachi 2:14–16). • By placing these obligations on the father, Scripture teaches that authority and accountability always travel together (Luke 12:48; Ephesians 6:4). as with a daughter • The phrase grants the girl full filial status. In everyday terms, she must be treated exactly like the man’s own daughter: – Equal access to family resources (Job 42:15, where Job gives his daughters an inheritance). – Equal affection and honor within the household (Psalm 127:3; Proverbs 31:28). – Protection under the same laws that safeguard natural daughters (Deuteronomy 22:13–19). • The heart behind the command anticipates the New Testament theme of adoption, where former outsiders are welcomed as full family members (Romans 8:15; Galatians 4:5). summary Exodus 21:9 shows God weaving justice and compassion into Israel’s civil code. A servant-girl betrothed to her master’s son instantly gains the standing of a daughter, complete with provision, protection, and honor. The verse defends her dignity, upholds the integrity of marriage, and reminds every household head that God’s people must treat the vulnerable with the same care He extends to His own children. |
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