What are common questions about tithing practices?

Definition and Purpose of Tithing

Tithing traditionally refers to giving one-tenth of one’s increase, usually income or produce, to honor and acknowledge the sovereignty of God. This concept appears early in Scripture, as seen when Abram gave “a tenth of everything” (Genesis 14:20) to Melchizedek. It served both to demonstrate reliance on divine provision and to support the functions of worship and community life.

Biblically, tithing was not merely a financial transaction but a recognition that all resources ultimately belong to God. Leviticus 27:30 mentions how “every tenth of the land’s produce…belongs to the LORD.” The purpose was to align the heart of the giver with gratitude and obedience, creating an atmosphere of worship through practical stewardship.

Old Testament Command and Historical Practice

Under the Mosaic Law, the Israelites were commanded to present their tithes as an act of devotion and care for the Levitical priesthood (Numbers 18:21, Deuteronomy 14:22–29). The Israelites also practiced additional tithes for festivals and for the poor, ensuring that worship, celebration, and social welfare were built into daily life.

Archaeological finds, such as ancient cuneiform tablets from regions near Mesopotamia, confirm that a system of tithes or tribute was not uncommon in Near Eastern cultures. However, biblical tithing is distinct in its emphasis on honoring the Creator rather than merely supporting a ruling authority or temple system. The Dead Sea Scrolls also preserve references to faith communities meticulously following commands about tithes, highlighting the long-standing continuity of this practice.

New Testament Perspectives

Some question whether the strict Old Testament tithe applies now. While the New Testament does not repeat the exact percentage requirement to all believers, it affirms the principle of generous and sacrificial giving. Jesus stated, “You pay tithes of mint, dill, and cumin, but you have disregarded the weightier matters” (Matthew 23:23), illustrating that while tithing was commendable, it must be accompanied by justice, mercy, and faithfulness.

The Apostle Paul taught, “Each one should give what he has decided in his heart to give…” and “For God loves a cheerful giver” (2 Corinthians 9:7). These verses underscore that the spirit and intentionality behind giving remain crucial. Many interpret this to mean that while a set percentage (traditionally 10%) can be a useful baseline, the ultimate goal is generous, joyful support of God’s work.

Common Questions and Concerns

1. Are Christians Obligated to Tithe Exactly 10%?

While the Old Testament law clearly established ten percent, some believe the New Covenant calls for voluntary giving guided by prayer and conscience, often surpassing ten percent. Others maintain the “tenth” as a trustworthy biblical principle for systematic giving. Whether believers hold to a strict tithe or a more flexible approach, Scripture encourages prayerful consideration and consistent support for the body of believers (1 Corinthians 16:2).

2. Should the Tithe Come from Gross or Net Income?

Scripture does not explicitly define this. Many consider tithing on gross income an act of firstfruits giving, symbolizing complete trust in God’s provision. Others tithe after necessary expenses. The debate often hinges on personal conviction, with the core principle being regular, faithful, and cheerful generosity rather than legalistic precision.

3. Must We Tithe Only to the Local Church, or Can We Give Elsewhere?

Throughout biblical history, tithes primarily supported the worship community (Malachi 3:10: “Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse, that there may be food in My house.”). In modern times, many believers allocate tithes to the local church, viewing it as today’s parallel to the Old Testament temple or storehouse. Offerings beyond the tithe can then extend to missions, parachurch organizations, and other ministries. However, some distribute their “tenth” among multiple ministries. The guiding question remains: Is the giving done thoughtfully, under God’s leading, and in a way that sustains kingdom work?

4. What About Freewill Offerings Above the Tithe?

Scripture differentiates the tithe from freewill offerings. Tithes were mandatory under Mosaic Law, whereas freewill offerings came from personal desire to worship and bless others (Exodus 35:29). Even in modern practice, many see the tithe as foundational, with offerings above that amount as a further expression of gratitude or a response to special needs and projects.

5. Does Failing to Tithe Constitute “Robbing God”?

Malachi 3:8–10 uses strong language about neglecting tithes and offerings. While this may sound severe to contemporary ears, the principle is that withholding what rightfully belongs to God reflects a deeper heart issue of mistrust or disobedience. Many have testified that faithful giving fosters both spiritual growth and practical blessings.

6. How Does Tithing Relate to Stewardship and Contentment?

Tithing supports the idea that believers are caretakers, not owners, of their resources. This practice can instill discipline and contentment by reminding givers that they are participating in God’s continuing work. Research in behavioral science often shows that habits of generosity correlate with increased gratitude and well-being—a complement to biblical teaching that giving fosters dependence on God rather than on material wealth (1 Timothy 6:17–19).

7. Does the Bible Support Tithing in the Modern Era?

The Bible upholds principles of stewardship, generosity, and support for spiritual communities. While the rigid framework of the Old Testament tithes has changed under the New Covenant, the heart behind tithing remains applicable: to honor God, support ministry, and bless others. Historical continuity—from ancient Israel to the early church—underscores that God’s people have always practiced systematic giving to sustain worship and community needs.

Storehouse Principle and Application

The idea of the “storehouse” (Malachi 3:10) refers to centralized giving for the community’s spiritual welfare. In the modern church context, many view the local congregation as that storehouse. Others apply the principle more broadly, including various charitable works and ministries. The practical outworking may vary, but unity of purpose in glorifying God through stewardship remains central.

Philosophical and Ethical Dimensions

From a philosophical perspective, tithing can be seen as a tangible marker of one’s commitment to align earthly possessions under divine lordship. Ethically, it fosters habits of generosity and social responsibility. Ancient cultures practiced forms of tribute or tithes, but biblical teaching stresses a unique covenantal relationship between God and believers. This distinction shapes the motivation: obedience and worship rather than mere duty.

Behavioral Considerations

People often wonder how tithing affects personal finances. While Scripture includes promises of divine favor (Malachi 3:10), it is not a transactional formula guaranteeing immediate wealth. Instead, it cultivates trust and encourages wise resource management. Many faith-based financial studies find that systematic givers often plan budgets more carefully, resulting in long-term stability.

Addressing Practical Hesitations

• “I don’t have enough to tithe right now.” – Small and consistent steps of giving can still honor God’s faithfulness.

• “I’m worried about how funds are used.” – Transparency and accountability in ministries can reassure believers that resources support genuine kingdom work.

• “Does it matter if I’m in debt?” – Responsible debt repayment is also important, and both can be balanced through prayer and wise counsel.

Encouragement and Conclusion

Tithing is not meant to be a burdensome obligation but a joyful expression of devotion. By regularly setting aside a portion of income, believers acknowledge God’s ultimate ownership and care for the community of faith. Though interpretations vary on details—gross vs. net, local church vs. multiple ministries—the heart remains the same: gratitude and reliance on God.

A well-documented record of tithing throughout Scripture and in historical writings confirms its significance. Whether one accepts a strict ten percent or views it as a guiding principle, tithing remains a profound way to honor God’s provision and participate in His work today.