Romans 16:16 – Is the command to greet one another with a holy kiss still applicable today, or does it indicate outdated cultural practices in scripture? I. Overview of Romans 16:16 Romans 16:16 states, “Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings”. This verse appears within a broader context of final greetings, personal acknowledgments, and exhortations in Paul’s letter to the believers in Rome. The verse raises questions regarding whether the instruction to exchange a “holy kiss” still applies in modern times or whether it was unique to first-century cultural practices. Paul includes this directive as both an expression of unity among believers and an outward symbol of affection and brotherly love. The natural question that arises is whether the specific form—namely, a literal kiss—is to be continued today in all cultures, or if the underlying principle of warm, loving fellowship is what truly endures. II. Cultural and Historical Context In Mediterranean cultures of the first century, the kiss was a common social greeting among family and close friends, often symbolizing respect, acceptance, or reconciliation. Historical writings, such as those from early church leaders (e.g., Justin Martyr’s descriptions of worship gatherings), indicate that the “kiss of peace” was practiced during worship services. Archaeological discoveries and historical documents regarding social customs in the Roman Empire confirm that kisses were not limited to romantic expression; they were frequent greetings, much like a handshake might be in some modern societies. Additionally, first-century believers were keenly aware of the public nature and significance of such salutations. Common cultural practice of friendly kisses between men or women in certain contexts can still be seen in parts of the Middle East and Eastern Europe today. This indicates that the instruction to greet with a “holy kiss” was not unusual or unexpected in the early faith community. III. Biblical Instances of the Holy Kiss Paul uses similar language in multiple epistles, emphasizing the importance of genuine fellowship and affection within the Church: • 1 Corinthians 16:20: “All the brothers here send you greetings. Greet one another with a holy kiss.” • 2 Corinthians 13:12: “Greet one another with a holy kiss.” • 1 Thessalonians 5:26: “Greet all the brothers with a holy kiss.” • 1 Peter 5:14: “Greet one another with a kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ.” These repeated exhortations illustrate that the practice served as a visible demonstration of sincere love, reconciliation, and unity. The emphasis is on the word “holy,” indicating a set-apart, respectful, and pure gesture among believers. IV. The Underlying Principle of Holy Affection Though the outward expression is described as a “kiss,” the deeper concern of these passages is clear: believers ought to show genuine care for one another. This is consistent with Jesus’ summation of the law—love for God and love for one another (cf. Matthew 22:37–39). A greeting that is “holy” reflects moral purity and a committed fellowship characteristic of those who have been reconciled to God and to each other. The continuity of Scripture teaches that such acts of brotherly affection flow from a common bond in the faith (John 13:34–35). The act—whether it was a literal kiss in the first century or another culturally appropriate expression of affection today—points back to the deeper principle of embracing fellow followers of God with genuine warmth. V. Is It Still Applicable Today? Believers around the globe live in diverse cultural contexts with varying norms of physical contact and gestures of greeting. In some modern cultures, a warm handshake, a hug, or a friendly wave might convey the same meaning that a kiss did in the first century. In other cultures, kisses on the cheek remain common greetings. Scriptural commands should be considered within their original setting while recognizing the timeless principles they convey. The principle behind “greet one another with a holy kiss” revolves around love, acceptance, peace, and mutual respect among believers. Such love must continue to be displayed in ways that convey holy fellowship—whether by handshake, hug, kiss, or other respectful greeting. VI. Practical Application in Modern Contexts 1. Maintaining Holiness and Integrity Any greeting used by believers must reflect purity of heart and intention, abiding by biblical teachings on kindness, respect, and moral conduct. Whether it is a literal kiss or a handshake, the key is that it be done in sincerity and holiness. 2. Respecting Cultural Norms While the New Testament believers operated in cultures where a friendly kiss was normal, modern congregations must discern whether or not a literal kiss remains a suitable expression of greeting. Community leaders and churches often guide believers to greet one another in ways that align with local customs, ensuring the purpose of warmth and acceptance is not lost due to misunderstanding or cultural discomfort. 3. Loving Unity Among Believers The essence of this biblical exhortation still stands: each member of the faith community should show heartfelt, hospitable affection that underscores the unity and love which sets believers apart from the world. This universal principle transcends time and geography. VII. Conclusion Romans 16:16—“Greet one another with a holy kiss”—clearly emphasizes the value of heartfelt, pure, and respectful greetings among believers. While it was written in a specific cultural context where a kiss was a customary form of salutation, its enduring command revolves around the display of genuine Christian love and unity. Throughout Scripture and church history, physical gestures that convey acceptance and affection have played a significant role in expressing communal bonds. Modern readers must weigh the cultural-setting of the text while preserving its intended message: believers should greet one another in holy, respectful ways that foster fellowship and honor the God who calls them to live in love. Whether that greeting is through a kiss, a handshake, a hug, or another culturally appropriate sign of warmth, the principle stands unchanged. The “holy kiss” command remains relevant in its overarching goal: that members of the faith community continually show kingdom-minded affection—free from any stain of impurity—so that fellowship may reflect the genuine love and unity that define those who share in the salvation found in Christ. |
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