What is the meaning of "turn the other cheek"?

Definition of “Turn the Other Cheek”

“Turn the other cheek” is a phrase derived from the teachings of Jesus, most notably found in Matthew 5:39: “But I tell you not to resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.” This statement challenges a mindset of retaliation and instead encourages a response that reflects mercy, humility, and love.

Scriptural Context

Matthew 5:38–39 reveals the immediate context of this command:

• “You have heard that it was said, ‘Eye for eye and tooth for tooth.’ But I tell you not to resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.”

This passage is part of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5–7), where Jesus underscores an ethic that surpasses legalistic interpretations of the Mosaic Law. Jesus references the phrase “eye for eye and tooth for tooth” (Exodus 21:24) to show that while the law once provided boundaries for fair retribution, His teaching goes deeper, calling for transformed hearts.

Luke 6:29 also echoes this principle:

• “If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes your cloak, do not withhold your tunic as well.”

These passages consistently emphasize the virtue of non-retaliation and selfless response in face of harm.

Old Testament Foreshadowing

Though “turn the other cheek” is a New Testament concept, the Old Testament holds threads of similar teaching. Proverbs 25:21–22 states, “If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat; if he is thirsty, give him water to drink. For in so doing, you will heap burning coals on his head, and the LORD will reward you.” This proverb already points toward overcoming evil with kindness rather than reciprocating hostility.

Historical and Cultural Background

• In the ancient Near East, a slap on the right cheek often implied an insult, sometimes delivered with the back of the hand.

• Responding in kind would escalate conflicts, frequently leading to legal feuds or personal vendettas.

• Jesus’ teaching subverted this norm by promoting a higher standard: reflecting a gracious willingness to endure wrongs for the sake of peace and witness.

The Core Meaning

1. Refusal to Retaliate: By instructing His followers not to “resist an evil person,” Jesus addresses the natural human impulse to retaliate. Instead of escalating tension, He calls for a response rooted in humility.

2. Understanding True Justice: Romans 12:17–19 teaches: “Do not repay anyone evil for evil… Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: ‘Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.’” Trusting divine justice enables believers to stand against evil without responding in kind.

3. Demonstration of Transforming Love: Turning the other cheek does not mean allowing oneself to be repeatedly victimized in a harmful sense. Rather, it means choosing mercy where vengeance might otherwise rule. This merciful stance often exposes the destructive nature of aggression and can lead to conviction or repentance in the aggressor (1 Peter 3:9).

Practical Implications

1. Personal Relationships: Not retaliating in arguments or insults can deescalate conflicts and showcase a commitment to peace. This principle guides individuals to break cycles of aggression or bitterness in familial, community, or workplace settings.

2. Boundaries and Wisdom: Turning the other cheek upholds a spirit of grace, but it does not forbid setting boundaries for safety or legality. Jesus Himself confronted wrongdoing (John 18:22–23), demonstrating measured responses that do not contradict this principle.

3. Ethical Witness: A believer’s ability to respond graciously to wrongs testifies to a faith that transcends natural instincts. This can inspire observers to inquire about the source of such distinctive love and self-control.

Misconceptions

1. Encouragement to Remain in Harm’s Way: Some interpret “turn the other cheek” as endorsing passivity in the face of severe injustice or abuse. However, Jesus’ instruction primarily addresses interpersonal offenses and the refusal to exert personal vengeance. Scripture also advocates the protection of the vulnerable (Psalm 82:3–4).

2. Denial of Self-Defense or Justice: This teaching is more focused on personal non-retaliation rather than abolishing legal justice systems. It is possible for believers to seek lawful remedies while still demonstrating a forgiving heart.

3. Ignoring All Forms of Confrontation: The principle of turning the other cheek does not cancel out all forms of moral or prophetic confrontation. Jesus Himself rebuked wrongdoing (Matthew 23). The key is balancing righteous confrontation with an attitude that does not harbor hatred or pursue revenge.

Conclusion

“Turn the other cheek” embodies a radical departure from the human tendency to strike back at insults and injuries. Rooted in the Sermon on the Mount, this command calls for a gracious, non-retaliatory spirit that acknowledges God’s ultimate justice. It does not endorse passivity in the face of rampant evil, nor does it negate wise boundaries. Instead, it champions a radical love that overcomes evil with good while bearing witness to moral transformation.

This teaching remains a hallmark of a life that chooses mercy over vengeance, reflecting a trust that true justice resides in the hands of a righteous and omnipotent Creator. Through this posture, individuals can exemplify compassion and patience, transforming moments of conflict into opportunities for witness and peace.