1 Samuel 13:11

"What have you done?" Samuel asked. And Saul replied, "When I saw that the troops were deserting me, and that you did not come at the appointed time and the Philistines were gathering at Michmash,

Study Bible

“What have you done?”
This phrase is a direct question from the prophet Samuel to King Saul. In the Hebrew text, the phrase is "מֶה עָשִׂיתָ" (mah asita). This question is not merely seeking information but is a rhetorical device used to express disapproval and astonishment. In the context of ancient Israel, a king was expected to follow divine instructions, especially those given by a prophet. Samuel's question underscores the gravity of Saul's actions, which were seen as a breach of covenantal obedience. This moment is pivotal, as it marks the beginning of Saul's decline as king.

replied Saul
The Hebrew word for "replied" is "וַיֹּאמֶר" (vayomer), which is a common term used throughout the Old Testament to indicate speech. Saul's reply is significant because it reveals his mindset and priorities. In the historical context, Saul's response is an attempt to justify his actions, which were driven by fear and impatience. This reflects a deeper issue of trust and reliance on God, which is a recurring theme in Saul's reign.

“When I saw that the troops were deserting me
The phrase "the troops were deserting me" highlights Saul's perception of the situation. The Hebrew root for "deserting" is "נָפַל" (naphal), meaning to fall or to fail. Saul's focus on the troops' actions reveals his concern with human resources rather than divine support. Historically, this reflects the constant threat of military instability in ancient Israel, where the king's power was often measured by the loyalty and strength of his army.

and that you did not come at the appointed time
The "appointed time" refers to a specific period set by Samuel for offering sacrifices. The Hebrew term "מוֹעֵד" (moed) signifies a divinely appointed time or season. Saul's impatience and failure to wait for Samuel's arrival demonstrate a lack of faith and understanding of God's timing. This impatience is a critical flaw in Saul's character, leading to his eventual downfall. Theologically, this serves as a lesson on the importance of waiting on God's timing and trusting in His plans.

and that the Philistines were gathering at Michmash
The Philistines were a constant threat to Israel during Saul's reign. The mention of "Michmash" is significant as it was a strategic location in the central highlands of Israel. Archaeological evidence suggests that Michmash was a fortified site, making it a critical point of military interest. Saul's fear of the Philistines gathering there reflects the ongoing tension and warfare between Israel and its neighbors. This historical context emphasizes the external pressures faced by Saul, which contributed to his hasty decision-making.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Samuel
A prophet and judge of Israel, Samuel was a key figure in the transition from the period of judges to the establishment of the monarchy. He anointed Saul as the first king of Israel.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, chosen by God but later rejected due to his disobedience. Saul's reign is marked by his struggle to follow God's commands fully.

3. Philistines
A significant enemy of Israel during this period, the Philistines were a constant threat, often engaging in battles with the Israelites.

4. Michmash
A strategic location in the territory of Benjamin, where the Philistines gathered to fight against Israel. It was a place of military significance.

5. Troops Deserting
The Israelite soldiers were leaving Saul, which contributed to his fear and impatience, leading to his disobedience.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Obedience
Saul's failure to wait for Samuel as instructed shows the critical nature of obedience to God's commands. Disobedience, even with seemingly good intentions, leads to negative consequences.

Trust in God's Timing
Saul's impatience reflects a lack of trust in God's timing. Believers are encouraged to wait on the Lord, trusting that His timing is perfect.

The Consequences of Fear
Saul's actions were driven by fear of losing his troops and the threat of the Philistines. Fear can lead to hasty decisions that are not aligned with God's will.

Leadership and Responsibility
As a leader, Saul's decisions had significant implications for the entire nation. Leaders are called to act with integrity and faithfulness to God's instructions.

The Role of Faith in Crisis
In times of crisis, faith should guide decisions rather than fear or human reasoning. Saul's lack of faith led to his downfall.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Saul's response to Samuel reveal his priorities and understanding of leadership?

2. In what ways can we see the consequences of Saul's disobedience in our own lives when we fail to wait on God's timing?

3. How can we apply the principle of trusting in God's timing in our daily decisions and challenges?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure that fear does not drive our decisions, especially in leadership roles?

5. How do other biblical figures demonstrate the importance of obedience and trust in God, and what can we learn from their examples?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 10:8
Samuel's earlier instruction to Saul to wait for him at Gilgal, highlighting Saul's failure to obey this command.

1 Samuel 15:22-23
Samuel's later rebuke of Saul, emphasizing that obedience to God is more important than sacrifice.

Proverbs 3:5-6
The call to trust in the Lord and not lean on one's own understanding, contrasting Saul's reliance on his judgment.

Isaiah 40:31
The promise of strength for those who wait on the Lord, contrasting Saul's impatience.