1 Samuel 20:10

Then David asked Jonathan, "Who will tell me if your father answers you harshly?"

Study Bible

Then David asked Jonathan
David, the anointed future king of Israel, is in a precarious situation due to King Saul's jealousy and hostility. His relationship with Jonathan, Saul's son, is a profound example of covenant friendship. This phrase highlights David's reliance on Jonathan for information and support, reflecting the deep trust between them. Their friendship is a model of loyalty and faithfulness, reminiscent of the covenantal relationships seen throughout Scripture, such as between God and His people.

“Who will tell me
David is seeking assurance and clarity regarding his safety. This question underscores the danger he faces and his need for a reliable source of information. It also reflects the communication challenges of the time, where direct and discreet communication was crucial for survival. This reliance on Jonathan for news is a testament to the trust and bond they share, which is a recurring theme in their interactions.

if your father answers you harshly?”
David is aware of Saul's volatile nature and the potential for a negative response. The word "harshly" indicates the severity of Saul's possible reaction, which could mean further attempts on David's life. This concern is rooted in the historical context of Saul's previous attempts to kill David, driven by jealousy and fear of losing his throne. The tension between David and Saul is a significant narrative in 1 Samuel, illustrating the conflict between God's anointed king and the current ruler. This situation foreshadows the trials and tribulations David will face before ascending to the throne, paralleling the sufferings of Christ before His exaltation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, and a man after God's own heart. At this point, he is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is caught between his loyalty to his father and his covenant friendship with David.

3. King Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his throne.

4. The Field
The location where David and Jonathan meet to discuss Saul's intentions and devise a plan to communicate Saul's response.

5. The Covenant
The solemn agreement between David and Jonathan, which underscores their loyalty and commitment to each other despite the political tension.

Teaching Points

The Value of Godly Friendships
True friendships are rooted in mutual respect, loyalty, and shared faith. David and Jonathan's relationship exemplifies how godly friendships can provide support and encouragement during trials.

Courage in the Face of Adversity
Both David and Jonathan demonstrate courage. David, in seeking the truth about Saul's intentions, and Jonathan, in standing up to his father for the sake of righteousness.

The Importance of Communication
Open and honest communication is vital in relationships, especially when navigating difficult situations. David's question to Jonathan highlights the need for clarity and truth.

Trusting God's Sovereignty
Despite the uncertainty and danger, David trusts in God's plan for his life. This trust is a model for believers facing their own uncertainties.

The Role of Covenants
Covenants are serious commitments that reflect God's covenantal relationship with His people. The covenant between David and Jonathan is a reflection of God's faithfulness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the friendship between David and Jonathan challenge or inspire your own relationships? Consider Proverbs 17:17 in your response.

2. In what ways can you demonstrate courage in your own life when faced with adversity, as David and Jonathan did?

3. Reflect on a time when open communication helped resolve a difficult situation in your life. How can you apply this principle in your current relationships?

4. How does trusting in God's sovereignty help you navigate uncertain or dangerous situations? Relate this to Romans 8:28.

5. What are some modern-day examples of covenants, and how do they reflect the biblical understanding of commitment and faithfulness? Consider the covenant between God and His people as seen in Hebrews 8:10.

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the deep bond and covenant between David and Jonathan, highlighting the foundation of their friendship and loyalty.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the nature of true friendship, which is relevant to the relationship between David and Jonathan.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being to lay down one's life for friends, which parallels Jonathan's willingness to risk his life for David.