Leviticus 6:4

once he has sinned and becomes guilty, he must return what he has stolen or taken by extortion, or the deposit entrusted to him, or the lost property he found,

Study Bible

once he has sinned and becomes guilty
This phrase highlights the acknowledgment of sin and guilt, which is a crucial step in the process of repentance and atonement. In the context of Leviticus, the law provided a means for individuals to recognize their wrongdoing and seek reconciliation with God. The concept of guilt is central to the sacrificial system, which foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who bore the sins of humanity. The recognition of sin is also echoed in the New Testament, where confession and repentance are emphasized (1 John 1:9).

he must return what he has stolen
Restitution is a key principle in biblical law, emphasizing the importance of making amends for wrongs committed against others. This requirement reflects God's justice and the need for restoring relationships. The act of returning stolen goods is not only a legal obligation but also a moral one, demonstrating a change of heart and a commitment to righteousness. This principle is seen in the story of Zacchaeus in Luke 19:8, where he offers to repay those he has defrauded.

or taken by extortion
Extortion involves taking something from someone through force or threats, and it is condemned in Scripture as a violation of justice and love for one's neighbor. The inclusion of extortion in this passage underscores the comprehensive nature of God's law, which addresses various forms of wrongdoing. The prophets frequently denounced extortion and exploitation, calling for justice and fairness (Ezekiel 22:12, Micah 2:2).

or the deposit entrusted to him
This phrase refers to the responsibility of safeguarding what belongs to others. Trust and integrity are vital components of community life, and violating this trust is a serious offense. The requirement to return a deposit highlights the importance of faithfulness and accountability. In the New Testament, Jesus teaches about being faithful with what is entrusted to us, whether it be talents, resources, or responsibilities (Matthew 25:14-30).

or the lost property he found
Finding lost property and failing to return it is considered theft in biblical law. This commandment emphasizes the value of honesty and respect for others' possessions. The principle of returning lost property is rooted in the love for one's neighbor, as outlined in the broader context of Levitical law (Leviticus 19:18). It reflects the character of God, who seeks to restore what is lost, a theme that is ultimately fulfilled in the redemptive work of Christ (Luke 15:4-7).

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the laws from God, including those in Leviticus.

2. Israelites
The people to whom the laws in Leviticus were given, forming the covenant community of God.

3. Tabernacle
The place where the Israelites worshiped and where the laws were often taught and practiced.

4. Priests
The mediators between God and the Israelites, responsible for teaching and enforcing the laws.

5. God
The divine lawgiver who established the covenant and provided the laws for His people.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Restitution
Restitution is a key aspect of justice and righteousness in God's eyes. It involves acknowledging wrongdoing and taking steps to make amends.

Acknowledging Guilt
Recognizing and confessing one's guilt is the first step toward restoration and reconciliation with both God and others.

Restoration of Relationships
The act of restitution is not just about returning what was taken but also about restoring trust and relationships within the community.

God's Holiness and Justice
God's laws reflect His holy and just nature. As His people, we are called to uphold these values in our interactions with others.

Practical Steps for Believers
Believers today can apply these principles by being honest in their dealings, seeking forgiveness when wrong, and making amends where possible.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of restitution in Leviticus 6:4 reflect God's character and His expectations for His people?

2. In what ways can the principles of restitution be applied in modern-day situations where wrongs have been committed?

3. How does the account of Zacchaeus in Luke 19 illustrate the heart of the law found in Leviticus 6:4?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to restore a relationship that has been damaged by wrongdoing?

5. How do the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament build upon the principles of restitution found in the Old Testament?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 22
Discusses laws about restitution, emphasizing the importance of making amends for wrongs committed against others.

Numbers 5
Provides further instructions on restitution, highlighting the need for confession and compensation.

Matthew 5
Jesus' teaching on reconciliation, which aligns with the principles of restitution and making things right with others.

Luke 19
The account of Zacchaeus, who exemplifies the act of restitution by returning what he had wrongfully taken.

Ephesians 4
Encourages believers to put off falsehood and speak truthfully, reflecting the heart of the law in Leviticus.