Mark 12:20

Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died, leaving no children.

Study Bible

Now there were seven brothers
This phrase introduces a hypothetical scenario presented by the Sadducees to Jesus. The number seven in biblical terms often symbolizes completeness or perfection, which may suggest the totality of the situation being presented. In the context of Jewish tradition, the number seven is significant, often associated with divine order and spiritual perfection. The Sadducees, who did not believe in the resurrection, used this scenario to challenge Jesus' teachings on life after death. The mention of "brothers" also alludes to the practice of levirate marriage, where a brother is obligated to marry the widow of his deceased brother to produce offspring in his name, as outlined in Deuteronomy 25:5-6.

The first one married and died
This part of the verse sets the stage for the levirate marriage law. The Greek word for "married" (γαμέω, gameō) indicates the legal and covenantal nature of marriage in Jewish culture. Marriage was not only a personal union but also a social and religious duty. The death of the first brother without leaving children is crucial to the narrative, as it triggers the levirate obligation. The historical context of this practice was to ensure the continuation of a family line and the preservation of property within the tribe, reflecting the communal and covenantal aspects of ancient Israelite society.

leaving no children
The absence of children is a pivotal detail in this scenario. In ancient Jewish culture, having children was seen as a blessing and a means of continuing one's legacy. The Greek term used here for "children" (τέκνα, tekna) emphasizes offspring or descendants. The lack of children not only creates a legal and social dilemma but also a theological one, as it raises questions about inheritance, family continuity, and the fulfillment of God's promises to His people. This situation underscores the importance of progeny in biblical times and sets the stage for the theological discussion on resurrection and eternal life that follows in the narrative.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Seven Brothers
This refers to a hypothetical scenario presented by the Sadducees to Jesus. The brothers are part of a question about the resurrection, which the Sadducees deny.

2. The First Brother
He marries but dies without leaving any children, setting the stage for the question about levirate marriage and resurrection.

3. Sadducees
A Jewish sect that did not believe in the resurrection. They posed this question to Jesus to challenge His teachings on the resurrection.

4. Jesus
The central figure in the Gospel of Mark, who is being questioned by the Sadducees in this passage.

5. Jerusalem
The location where this interaction takes place, during Jesus' final week before His crucifixion.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Resurrection
The Sadducees' question highlights a misunderstanding of the resurrection. Jesus' response (in the following verses) clarifies that earthly relationships do not define heavenly realities.

The Authority of Scripture
Jesus often refers back to Scripture to correct misunderstandings. This emphasizes the importance of knowing and applying God's Word accurately.

Faith Beyond Logic
The Sadducees relied on human logic to deny the resurrection. Believers are called to trust in God's power and promises, even when they transcend human understanding.

The Importance of Context
Understanding the cultural and historical context of biblical passages helps us grasp their full meaning and application.

Eternal Perspective
This passage encourages believers to focus on eternal truths rather than temporal concerns, reminding us of the hope and reality of the resurrection.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of levirate marriage in Deuteronomy 25:5-6 help us understand the Sadducees' question in Mark 12:20?

2. In what ways does Jesus' response to the Sadducees challenge our understanding of life after death?

3. How can we apply the principle of using Scripture to address misunderstandings in our own lives?

4. What are some areas in your life where you need to trust in God's power and promises beyond human logic?

5. How does having an eternal perspective influence your daily decisions and priorities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-6
This passage outlines the law of levirate marriage, which is the basis for the Sadducees' question. It provides context for understanding the cultural and legal background of the scenario.

Matthew 22:23-33 and Luke 20:27-40
Parallel accounts of this interaction, offering additional insights into Jesus' response to the Sadducees.

1 Corinthians 15
Paul's teaching on the resurrection, which affirms the reality of life after death and provides a theological foundation for understanding Jesus' response.