Numbers 19:17

For the purification of the unclean person, take some of the ashes of the burnt sin offering, put them in a jar, and pour fresh water over them.

Study Bible

For the purification of the unclean person
This phrase underscores the central theme of purification in the Old Testament, particularly in the book of Numbers. The Hebrew word for "purification" is "טָהֳרָה" (tahorah), which signifies a state of being clean or pure. In the ancient Israelite context, purity was not just a physical state but a spiritual one, essential for maintaining a relationship with God. The "unclean person" refers to those who have come into contact with death, which is considered the ultimate impurity. This reflects the broader biblical narrative where sin and death are intertwined, and purification is necessary to restore holiness and communion with God.

take some of the ashes of the burnt sin offering
The "ashes" here are from the red heifer, a unique sacrifice described earlier in Numbers 19. The Hebrew word for "ashes" is "אֵפֶר" (epher), symbolizing the residue of what has been consumed by fire. Fire, in biblical terms, often represents God's judgment and purification. The "burnt sin offering" is a specific type of sacrifice, emphasizing atonement and reconciliation with God. The use of ashes from this offering highlights the continuity between sacrifice and purification, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who cleanses us from all sin.

put them in a jar
The "jar" or "vessel" (Hebrew: "כְּלִי" - keli) is a container, often used in the context of holding something precious or significant. In this verse, the jar holds the ashes, which are a critical component of the purification process. This act of placing the ashes in a jar signifies the preparation and intentionality behind the purification ritual. It reflects the care and reverence required in approaching God’s commands, reminding believers of the importance of obedience and preparation in their spiritual lives.

and pour fresh water over them
The "fresh water" (Hebrew: "מַיִם חַיִּים" - mayim chayyim) literally means "living water." This term is rich with symbolism throughout Scripture, often representing life, cleansing, and the Holy Spirit. The act of pouring water over the ashes signifies the activation of the purification process. In a broader biblical context, "living water" is a metaphor for the life-giving and cleansing power of God, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who offers living water to all who believe in Him (John 4:10). This phrase invites believers to reflect on the transformative power of God’s Spirit in their lives, cleansing them from sin and renewing their hearts.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Israelites
The people of God who received the laws and instructions for purification.

2. Moses and Aaron
Leaders of the Israelites who conveyed God's laws and instructions.

3. The Red Heifer
A special sacrificial animal whose ashes were used for purification.

4. The Tabernacle
The dwelling place of God among the Israelites, where sacrifices and rituals were performed.

5. The Unclean Person
An individual who had become ceremonially unclean and required purification.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Purity
God values both physical and spiritual purity. The ritual of using ashes and water symbolizes the need for cleansing from sin and impurity.

Symbolism of Water and Ashes
The combination of ashes and fresh water represents the cleansing power of God. Just as water cleanses physically, God's provision cleanses spiritually.

Foreshadowing Christ's Sacrifice
The ritual points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus, whose blood purifies us from all sin, fulfilling the law's requirements.

Community Responsibility
The community played a role in maintaining purity, reflecting the importance of accountability and support in the body of Christ.

Continuous Need for Cleansing
Just as the Israelites needed regular purification, believers must continually seek spiritual cleansing through repentance and faith in Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the ritual of purification in Numbers 19:17 reflect God's holiness and the need for purity among His people?

2. In what ways does the use of ashes and water in the purification process point to the work of Jesus Christ?

3. How can we apply the principles of community responsibility and accountability in maintaining spiritual purity today?

4. What are some practical ways we can seek spiritual cleansing and renewal in our daily lives?

5. How do the purification rituals in the Old Testament enhance our understanding of the New Testament teachings on sin and redemption?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 14
Discusses the purification process for leprosy, showing the importance of ceremonial cleanliness.

Hebrews 9
Explains how the Old Testament purification rituals foreshadowed the ultimate purification through Christ's sacrifice.

Psalm 51
David's plea for purification and cleansing from sin, highlighting the spiritual aspect of purity.

John 4
Jesus speaks of living water, symbolizing spiritual cleansing and eternal life.

1 John 1
Emphasizes the cleansing power of Jesus' blood for sin, connecting to the theme of purification.