Numbers 28:5

along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering, mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives.

Study Bible

a tenth of an ephah
The ephah was a unit of dry measure used in ancient Israel, roughly equivalent to 22 liters or about half a bushel. The "tenth of an ephah" signifies a tithe, a concept deeply rooted in the Hebrew tradition of offering a portion of one's resources back to God. This practice underscores the principle of stewardship and gratitude, reminding the Israelites that all they possess is ultimately from the Lord. The tithe is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, symbolizing trust in God's provision and a heart of worship.

fine flour
The use of "fine flour" indicates the quality and purity expected in offerings to God. In the Hebrew context, fine flour was sifted and refined, representing the best of what one could offer. This reflects the broader biblical principle that God deserves our best, not our leftovers. The offering of fine flour can be seen as a metaphor for the believer's life, which should be refined and dedicated wholly to God, free from impurities and distractions.

as a grain offering
The grain offering, or "minchah" in Hebrew, was a voluntary act of worship, expressing devotion and thanksgiving to God. It was distinct from sin offerings, focusing instead on fellowship and gratitude. This offering was a reminder of God's provision and the sustenance He provides. In a broader sense, it points to the spiritual nourishment believers receive from God, encouraging a life of continual thanksgiving and reliance on Him.

mixed with a quarter hin
A "hin" was a unit of liquid measure, approximately 3.7 liters or about one gallon. A "quarter hin" would thus be about 0.9 liters. The mixing of flour with oil in the offering signifies unity and completeness. Oil, often symbolic of the Holy Spirit in Scripture, when mixed with the flour, represents the anointing and empowerment of the Spirit in the believer's life. This mixture highlights the necessity of the Spirit's work in making our offerings acceptable to God.

of pressed oil
Pressed oil, likely olive oil, was a staple in ancient Israelite culture, used for cooking, lighting, and anointing. The process of pressing olives to extract oil is symbolic of the trials and pressures that produce spiritual maturity and purity. In the biblical narrative, oil often represents joy, healing, and the presence of the Holy Spirit. The use of pressed oil in offerings signifies the believer's reliance on the Spirit's work and the joy that comes from a life dedicated to God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who received the laws and instructions from God, including the sacrificial system outlined in Numbers.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given specific instructions on how to worship and offer sacrifices.

3. Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the divine presence, where sacrifices and offerings were made.

4. Sacrificial System
The system of offerings and sacrifices instituted by God for the Israelites, which included daily, weekly, and festival offerings.

5. Priests
The descendants of Aaron who were responsible for performing the sacrifices and maintaining the Tabernacle.

Teaching Points

Obedience to God's Instructions
The specific measurements and ingredients for the offerings highlight the importance of following God's commands precisely. This teaches us the value of obedience in our spiritual lives.

Symbolism of the Offering
The fine flour and oil can symbolize purity and the Holy Spirit, respectively. This reminds us to offer our best to God and to rely on the Holy Spirit in our daily walk.

Consistency in Worship
The daily offerings underscore the need for regular and consistent worship practices. We are encouraged to maintain a daily routine of prayer and devotion.

Foreshadowing of Christ
The sacrificial system points to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Understanding this connection deepens our appreciation for His atoning work on the cross.

Community and Worship
The communal aspect of the offerings, involving the entire nation of Israel, teaches us the importance of corporate worship and unity in the body of Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the specific nature of the grain offering in Numbers 28:5 reflect the character of God?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of offering our "first fruits" to God in our modern context?

3. How does the sacrificial system in the Old Testament enhance our understanding of Jesus' sacrifice in the New Testament?

4. What role does the Holy Spirit play in our daily "offerings" to God, and how can we be more mindful of His presence?

5. How can we foster a sense of community and unity in our worship practices today, similar to the communal offerings of the Israelites?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 2
Provides detailed instructions on grain offerings, emphasizing the use of fine flour and oil, similar to the offering described in Numbers 28:5.

Exodus 29
Describes the consecration of the priests and the offerings required, highlighting the importance of following God's specific instructions.

Hebrews 10
Discusses the fulfillment of the sacrificial system through Jesus Christ, who offered Himself as the ultimate sacrifice, rendering the old system obsolete.