Romans 8:15

For you did not receive a spirit of slavery that returns you to fear, but you received the Spirit of sonship, by whom we cry, "Abba! Father!"

Study Bible

For you did not receive
This phrase emphasizes the action of receiving, which in the Greek is "elabete," meaning to take or accept. It suggests a deliberate act of God bestowing something upon believers. The context here is crucial, as it contrasts what believers have received with what they have not, setting the stage for understanding the transformative nature of the Christian experience.

a spirit of slavery
The term "spirit of slavery" refers to a mindset or condition characterized by bondage and subjugation. In the historical context of the Roman Empire, slavery was a common institution, and the imagery would have been vivid for Paul's audience. Theologically, it represents the state of being under the law and sin, which leads to fear and oppression.

that returns you to fear
Fear, in this context, is the fear of judgment and condemnation. The Greek word "phobos" is used here, which can mean terror or dread. This fear is associated with the old covenant and the law, which could not save but only highlight human sinfulness. The phrase suggests a regression to a state of anxiety and insecurity, which is not the inheritance of those in Christ.

but you received
This phrase marks a contrast and introduces the positive aspect of what believers have received. The Greek word "elabete" is used again, emphasizing the intentional and gracious act of God in giving something new and transformative to believers.

the Spirit of sonship
The "Spirit of sonship" is a profound concept, indicating adoption into God's family. The Greek word "huiothesia" is used, which means adoption as sons. This was a legal term in Roman culture, where an adopted child was given full rights and privileges as a natural-born child. Spiritually, it signifies a new identity and relationship with God, marked by intimacy and inheritance.

by whom we cry
The phrase "by whom we cry" indicates the active role of the Holy Spirit in the believer's life. The Greek word "krazo" means to cry out or call aloud, suggesting a deep, heartfelt expression. This is not a timid or uncertain call but a confident and assured declaration made possible through the Spirit's work.

'Abba! Father!'
"Abba" is an Aramaic term for father, expressing intimacy, trust, and affection. It is akin to saying "Daddy" or "Papa" in English. The use of both "Abba" and "Father" (Greek "Pater") underscores the personal and relational nature of God as Father. This dual expression highlights the universal nature of God's fatherhood, accessible to both Jews and Gentiles, and signifies the deep, personal relationship believers have with God through the Spirit.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, Paul is writing to the believers in Rome, providing theological insights and practical guidance for living a Christian life.

2. Roman Christians
The recipients of the letter, these early Christians were living in a diverse and often challenging environment, facing both internal and external pressures.

3. Holy Spirit
Referred to as the "Spirit of sonship," the Holy Spirit plays a crucial role in the believer's life, transforming their relationship with God from one of fear to one of intimate family connection.

4. Abba, Father
A term of endearment and intimacy, "Abba" is an Aramaic word that reflects a close, personal relationship with God, akin to calling Him "Daddy" or "Papa."

5. Spirit of Slavery
Represents the old way of living under the law and fear, contrasting with the freedom and relationship offered through the Spirit of sonship.

Teaching Points

Freedom from Fear
As believers, we are no longer bound by a spirit of fear. The Holy Spirit empowers us to live confidently as children of God.

Intimacy with God
The term "Abba, Father" invites us into a deep, personal relationship with God. We are encouraged to approach Him with the trust and love of a child.

Identity in Christ
Our identity is transformed from slaves to sons and daughters of God. This new identity should shape how we live and interact with the world.

Empowerment by the Spirit
The Holy Spirit equips us to live out our faith boldly, without reverting to old patterns of fear and bondage.

Inheritance as Heirs
As children of God, we are heirs to His promises. This assurance should influence our perspective on life and eternity.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the "Spirit of sonship" change your view of your relationship with God?

2. In what ways can you actively combat the "spirit of slavery" and fear in your daily life?

3. How does calling God "Abba, Father" impact your prayer life and communication with Him?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to live out your identity as a child of God in your community?

5. How do the concepts in Romans 8:15 connect with other scriptures about our identity in Christ, and how can these connections strengthen your faith?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Galatians 4:6-7
This passage also speaks of the Spirit of sonship and the ability to call God "Abba, Father," emphasizing the believer's status as an heir through God.

2 Timothy 1:7
Highlights that God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power, love, and self-discipline, reinforcing the idea of freedom from fear.

John 1:12-13
Discusses the right to become children of God through belief in Jesus, aligning with the concept of receiving the Spirit of sonship.