Adrammelech and Anammelech are deities mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the context of the idolatrous practices of the people of Sepharvaim. These gods are referenced in 2 Kings 17:31, which states: "The Sepharvites burned their children in the fire as sacrifices to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim." This passage highlights the syncretistic and pagan practices that were introduced into the Northern Kingdom of Israel following the Assyrian conquest and the subsequent resettlement of foreign peoples in Samaria.

Historical and Cultural Context

The historical context of Adrammelech and Anammelech is tied to the Assyrian Empire's policy of relocating conquered peoples to prevent rebellion and to promote cultural assimilation. The Sepharvites, who were among those resettled in Samaria, brought with them their native religious practices, including the worship of these deities. The practice of child sacrifice, ascribed to the worship of Adrammelech and Anammelech, was a particularly abhorrent form of idolatry in the eyes of the Israelites and is condemned throughout the Hebrew Scriptures.

Adrammelech

Adrammelech is believed to be a sun god, possibly associated with the Assyrian or Babylonian pantheon. The name "Adrammelech" may be derived from the Akkadian words "Adar" (a god associated with the sun) and "Melech" (meaning king), suggesting a deity of significant power and status. The worship of Adrammelech, as described in the Bible, involved extreme and detestable practices, such as child sacrifice, which were strictly forbidden by the Mosaic Law (Leviticus 18:21).

Anammelech

Anammelech is less well-documented than Adrammelech, but is similarly associated with the Sepharvite pantheon. The name "Anammelech" might be related to the Semitic root for "Anu," a sky god in Mesopotamian mythology, combined with "Melech," indicating a royal or divine status. Like Adrammelech, the worship of Anammelech involved child sacrifice, a practice that was anathema to the worship of Yahweh, the God of Israel.

Biblical Significance

The mention of Adrammelech and Anammelech in the Bible serves as a stark reminder of the spiritual and moral decline that can occur when God's people turn away from His commandments and embrace the practices of surrounding nations. The introduction of foreign gods and their associated rituals into Israel was a direct violation of the first commandment, which prohibits the worship of other gods (Exodus 20:3). The presence of these deities in the biblical narrative underscores the ongoing struggle between the worship of Yahweh and the allure of pagan religions throughout Israel's history.

Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, the account of Adrammelech and Anammelech illustrates the consequences of idolatry and the importance of faithfulness to God's covenant. The worship of these gods, with its associated practices, represents a departure from the holiness and righteousness that God demands of His people. The biblical narrative consistently warns against the dangers of syncretism and the need for exclusive devotion to the one true God.

In summary, Adrammelech and Anammelech are emblematic of the idolatrous influences that plagued Israel and serve as a cautionary tale about the perils of abandoning God's commandments in favor of cultural assimilation and pagan worship.