Overview:
Baalah of Judah, also known as Kiriath-jearim, is a significant location mentioned in the Old Testament. It is situated in the tribal territory of Judah and holds historical and religious importance for the Israelites. The name "Baalah" is derived from the Canaanite deity Baal, indicating the city's ancient pagan associations before its integration into Israelite culture.

Biblical References:
Baalah is first mentioned in the context of the territorial boundaries of the tribe of Judah. In Joshua 15:9, the Berean Standard Bible states, "Then the boundary went up to Debir from the Valley of Achor and turned northward to Gilgal, which is opposite the Pass of Adummim, south of the valley. The boundary continued to the waters of En-shemesh and came out at En-rogel." This passage highlights Baalah as a landmark in the delineation of Judah's borders.

In Joshua 15:10, the BSB further describes the boundary line: "Then it curved westward from Baalah to Mount Seir, passed along to the northern slope of Mount Jearim (that is, Chesalon), went down to Beth-shemesh, and crossed to Timnah." This indicates Baalah's proximity to other notable locations within Judah.

Historical and Religious Significance:
Baalah, or Kiriath-jearim, is most famously known as the resting place of the Ark of the Covenant before its transfer to Jerusalem. After the Ark was returned by the Philistines, it was brought to the house of Abinadab in Kiriath-jearim, where it remained for many years. 1 Samuel 7:1-2 records, "So the men of Kiriath-jearim came for the Ark of the LORD and took it into the house of Abinadab on the hill. They consecrated his son Eleazar to guard the Ark of the LORD. And it was a long time, some twenty years, that the Ark remained at Kiriath-jearim, and all the house of Israel lamented after the LORD."

The Ark's presence in Baalah underscores the city's role as a temporary spiritual center for Israel during a tumultuous period. It was from here that King David later arranged for the Ark's transport to Jerusalem, as described in 2 Samuel 6:2-3 : "And David and all his men set out for Baale of Judah to bring up from there the Ark of God, which is called by the Name, the name of the LORD of Hosts who is enthroned between the cherubim that are on it. They set the Ark of God on a new cart and brought it from the house of Abinadab, which was on the hill."

Geographical Context:
Baalah is located in the hill country of Judah, an area characterized by its rugged terrain and strategic significance. The city's location made it a natural point of defense and a key site for controlling the surrounding region. Its association with the Ark of the Covenant further elevated its status within the Israelite community.

Cultural and Theological Implications:
The transition of Baalah from a Canaanite city to an Israelite religious site reflects the broader theme of Israel's conquest and sanctification of the Promised Land. The presence of the Ark in Baalah symbolizes God's continued guidance and presence with His people, even during times of national distress. The city's history serves as a testament to the transformative power of God's covenantal relationship with Israel, as pagan sites were repurposed for His divine purposes.