Topical Bible: Balm or More Properly, Balsam

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Topical Encyclopedia

Definition and Etymology:
The term "balm" in the Bible is often understood to refer to a resinous substance derived from certain trees, known for its aromatic and healing properties. More accurately, this substance is identified as "balsam." The Hebrew word for balm is "tsori," which is frequently associated with the region of Gilead, hence the term "balm of Gilead."

Biblical References:
Balm is mentioned several times in the Bible, primarily in the context of trade and healing. One of the earliest references is found in Genesis 37:25, where it is listed among the goods carried by Ishmaelite traders: "As they sat down to eat their meal, they looked up and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead. Their camels were loaded with spices, balm, and myrrh, and they were on their way down to Egypt" . This indicates the value and demand for balm in ancient trade.

In Jeremiah 8:22, balm is metaphorically used to question the lack of healing for the people of Israel: "Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no physician there? Why then has the health of the daughter of my people not been restored?" . This rhetorical question underscores the expectation of healing and restoration associated with balm.

Jeremiah 46:11 also references balm in a similar context: "Go up to Gilead and get balm, O Virgin Daughter of Egypt! But you multiply remedies in vain; there is no healing for you" . Here, balm symbolizes a futile search for healing outside of God's provision.

Historical and Cultural Context:
Balm, particularly from Gilead, was highly prized in the ancient Near East. Gilead, a region east of the Jordan River, was renowned for its production of this valuable resin. The balm of Gilead was considered a panacea, a universal remedy for various ailments, which is why it became a symbol of healing and comfort.

The trade of balm was significant in the ancient economy, as evidenced by its inclusion in the goods transported by traders. Its value was not only in its medicinal properties but also in its use as a perfume and anointing oil.

Theological Significance:
In a theological context, balm represents healing, restoration, and the hope of divine intervention. The rhetorical use of balm in the prophetic books of the Bible highlights the spiritual condition of Israel and Judah, pointing to their need for repentance and God's healing touch.

The "balm of Gilead" has also been interpreted by Christian theologians as a foreshadowing of Christ's redemptive work. Just as balm was sought for physical healing, Christ is seen as the ultimate healer of spiritual wounds, offering salvation and restoration to humanity.

Symbolism in Christian Tradition:
In Christian hymnody and literature, the balm of Gilead is often used symbolically to represent Christ's healing power. The phrase "There is a balm in Gilead" has become synonymous with the comfort and hope found in Jesus Christ, who provides spiritual healing and peace to the believer.

Conclusion:
While the physical balm of Gilead was a sought-after commodity in biblical times, its symbolic representation in Scripture points to deeper spiritual truths. It serves as a reminder of the healing and restoration that God offers to His people, ultimately fulfilled in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

ATS Bible Dictionary

Balm or More Properly, Balsam

The gum or inspissated juice which exudes from the balsam-tree, the Opobalsamum, which was anciently frequent in Judea, and particularly in Gilead, Jeremiah 8:22; 46:11. It was reckoned very valuable in the cure of external wounds. The true balsam-tree is an evergreen, a native of Southern Arabia and Abyssinia, and is about fourteen feet high. It yields its gum in very small quantities. At the present day, this is collected chiefly in Arabia, between Mecca and Medina, and is therefore sometimes called the balm of Mecca. Its odor is exquisitely fragrant and pungent. It is very costly, and is still in the highest esteem among the Turks and other oriental nations, both as a medicine and as a cosmetic for beautifying the complexion, Genesis 37:25; Jeremiah 51:8; Ezekiel 27:17.