Esh'temoh, also referred to as Eshtemoa in some translations, is a town of significant historical and biblical importance located in the hill country of Judah. It is mentioned in the Old Testament as part of the inheritance of the tribe of Judah and later associated with the Levitical cities.

Biblical References:

1. Inheritance of Judah: Esh'temoh is first mentioned in the Book of Joshua as part of the territorial allotment to the tribe of Judah. In Joshua 15:50, it is listed among the cities in the hill country: "Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim."

2. Levitical City: The town is also noted as a Levitical city, designated for the descendants of Aaron, the priestly line within the tribe of Levi. In Joshua 21:14, it is recorded: "And to the descendants of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron (a city of refuge for the manslayer), Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa."

3. David's Connection: Esh'temoh is mentioned in the context of King David's life. During his time as a fugitive from King Saul, David sent part of the spoils from his victories to the elders of Judah, including those in Esh'temoh. In 1 Samuel 30:28, it states: "and to those in Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa."

Historical and Archaeological Insights:

Esh'temoh is identified with the modern site of es-Samu, located southwest of Hebron. Archaeological findings in the area have provided insights into the ancient settlement patterns and the lifestyle of its inhabitants during the biblical period. The site has yielded remains from various periods, including the Iron Age, which aligns with the biblical timeline.

Cultural and Religious Significance:

As a Levitical city, Esh'temoh held religious significance for the Israelites. The Levites were responsible for religious duties and the maintenance of the tabernacle, and later the temple, making their cities centers of religious life and instruction. The allocation of Esh'temoh to the Levites underscores its role in the spiritual and communal life of ancient Israel.

Geographical Context:

Situated in the hill country of Judah, Esh'temoh was part of a region characterized by its rugged terrain and strategic location. The hill country served as a natural fortress and was a key area for the defense and administration of the tribal territories. The location of Esh'temoh would have provided its inhabitants with both security and access to the surrounding regions.

Esh'temoh's mention in various biblical narratives highlights its role in the history of Israel, from the time of the conquest and settlement of Canaan to the reign of King David. Its designation as a Levitical city further emphasizes its importance in the religious and cultural life of the nation.Esh'temoh (1 Occurrence)

Joshua 15:50
and Anab, and Eshtemoh, and Anim;
(See RSV)

Esh'temoh (1 Occurrence)
Esh'temoh. Eshtemoh, Esh'temoh. Eshterah . Multi-Version Concordance Esh'temoh
(1 Occurrence). Joshua 15:50 and Anab, and Eshtemoh, and Anim; (See RSV). ...
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Eshtemoh (1 Occurrence)

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Eshterah (1 Occurrence)

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