Topical Encyclopedia Amraphel is a biblical figure mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the Book of Genesis. He is identified as the king of Shinar, a region often associated with ancient Mesopotamia, which includes parts of modern-day Iraq. Amraphel's role in the biblical narrative is primarily linked to the events described in Genesis 14, where he is part of a coalition of kings.Biblical Account In Genesis 14:1-2 , Amraphel is introduced as one of the four kings who wage war against the five kings of the cities of the plain, including Sodom and Gomorrah. The passage states: "In those days Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar)." Amraphel's coalition, led by Chedorlaomer, had been subjugating the cities of the plain for twelve years. In the thirteenth year, these cities rebelled, prompting the coalition to launch a military campaign to reassert their dominance. The conflict culminates in the Battle of the Valley of Siddim, where the coalition of four kings initially defeats the five kings of the plain. Historical and Geographical Context The identification of Amraphel as the king of Shinar places him in a region historically known for its early civilizations, such as Sumer and Akkad. Shinar is often equated with the southern part of Mesopotamia, a cradle of ancient culture and development. The historical existence of Amraphel has been a subject of scholarly debate, with some suggesting possible connections to known historical figures, though no definitive identification has been made. Theological Significance From a theological perspective, the account of Amraphel and the battle involving the kings of the plain serves to highlight the broader narrative of God's providence and protection over Abram (later Abraham) and his family. After the initial defeat of the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah, Abram's nephew Lot is taken captive. Abram then leads a successful rescue mission, demonstrating his role as a divinely chosen leader and protector of his kin. The account also sets the stage for the subsequent events involving the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, which are later destroyed due to their wickedness. The narrative underscores themes of justice, divine intervention, and the unfolding of God's covenantal promises through Abram. Cultural and Literary Aspects The account of Amraphel and the coalition of kings is one of the earliest recorded instances of international conflict in the biblical text. It reflects the complex political landscape of the ancient Near East, where city-states and regional powers frequently engaged in warfare and alliances. The narrative is rich in historical and cultural detail, providing insight into the geopolitical dynamics of the time. In summary, Amraphel, as king of Shinar, plays a significant role in the biblical narrative of Genesis 14, contributing to the unfolding account of Abram and the divine promises associated with him. His mention in the Bible, though brief, is part of a larger tapestry that illustrates the interplay of human history and divine purpose. Nave's Topical Index Genesis 14:1,9And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of nations; Nave's Topical Index Strong's Hebrew 569. Amraphel -- king of Shinar... Amraphel. Of uncertain (perhaps foreign) derivation; Amraphel, a king of Shinar -- Amraphel. 568, 569. Amraphel. 570 . Strong's Numbers. /hebrew/569.htm - 5k Library Moses and his Writings Chapter xiv "In the Volume of the Book it is Written of Me" (Heb. . . The Old Testament and Archeology Introduction Resources Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus |
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