Topical Bible: Ephod: A Sacred Vestment Worn by the High Priest: The Making of

◄ Ephod: A Sacred Vestment Worn by the High Priest: The Making of ►

Topical Encyclopedia

The ephod is a significant garment in the religious and cultural history of ancient Israel, primarily associated with the high priest's sacred duties. It is mentioned numerous times in the Old Testament, particularly in the context of priestly attire and worship practices. The ephod's design and function are detailed in the Book of Exodus, where it is described as an essential component of the high priest's vestments.

The Making of the Ephod

The instructions for making the ephod are found in Exodus 28:6-14. According to these passages, the ephod was to be crafted with great skill and artistry, reflecting its sacred purpose. The Berean Standard Bible provides a clear description of the materials and craftsmanship involved:

"They are to make the ephod of finely spun linen, embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with skillful work. It shall have two shoulder pieces attached at two of its corners, so it can be fastened. And the skillfully woven waistband of the ephod must be of one piece, of the same workmanship, with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen."

The ephod was a sleeveless garment, resembling an apron or a vest, and was worn over the other priestly garments. Its construction involved the use of luxurious materials, including gold threads and dyed yarns, signifying its importance and the reverence due to the office of the high priest.

The Shoulder Pieces and Onyx Stones

A distinctive feature of the ephod was its shoulder pieces, which were adorned with two onyx stones. These stones were engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, six on each stone, as described in Exodus 28:9-12 :

"Take two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel: six of their names on one stone and the remaining six on the other, in the order of their birth. Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones as a jeweler engraves a seal, and mount them in gold filigree settings. Fasten both stones onto the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD."

These stones served as a perpetual reminder of the high priest's role as an intercessor for the people of Israel, bearing their names before God.

The Breastpiece of Judgment

Attached to the ephod was the breastpiece of judgment, a square, ornate piece of fabric that held the Urim and Thummim, tools used for divination and decision-making. The breastpiece was also crafted with the same materials as the ephod and was set with twelve precious stones, each representing one of the tribes of Israel (Exodus 28:15-21).

Symbolism and Function

The ephod was not merely a garment but a symbol of the high priest's authority and responsibility. It represented the connection between God and His people, with the high priest serving as a mediator. The use of precious materials and the intricate design underscored the sanctity of the priestly office and the seriousness of approaching God on behalf of the nation.

In summary, the ephod was a central element of the high priest's attire, rich in symbolism and crafted with divine instruction. Its detailed construction and the inclusion of the names of the tribes of Israel highlight its role in the religious life of ancient Israel, serving as a tangible representation of the high priest's duty to bear the people before the Lord.