Topical Bible: Frankincense: An Ingredient of the Sacred Oil

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Topical Encyclopedia

Frankincense, a fragrant resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia, holds significant importance in biblical texts and ancient religious practices. It is one of the key ingredients in the sacred anointing oil and incense used in the worship and rituals of the Israelites, as prescribed by God to Moses.

Biblical References and Usage

Frankincense is mentioned numerous times throughout the Bible, often in the context of worship and offerings. In Exodus 30:34-35 , the LORD instructs Moses on the composition of the sacred incense: "Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Take fragrant spices—gum resin, onycha, and galbanum—and pure frankincense, all in equal measures, and make a fragrant blend of incense, the work of a perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy.'"

This passage highlights the divine mandate for the use of frankincense in the sacred incense, underscoring its role in creating a holy atmosphere for worship. The incense was to be placed before the Testimony in the Tent of Meeting, where God would meet with His people (Exodus 30:36).

Frankincense was also a component of the grain offerings presented to the LORD. Leviticus 2:1-2 states, "When anyone presents an offering of grain to the LORD, his offering shall consist of fine flour. He is to pour olive oil on it, put frankincense on it, and bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall then take a handful of fine flour and oil, together with all the frankincense, and burn this memorial portion on the altar, an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD."

Symbolism and Significance

Frankincense symbolizes purity and holiness, reflecting its use in sacred rituals. Its inclusion in offerings and incense signifies the desire for prayers and sacrifices to ascend to God as a pleasing aroma. The burning of frankincense represents the act of worship and the elevation of the human spirit towards the divine.

The use of frankincense in the sacred oil and incense also points to the sanctity and set-apart nature of the worship practices of the Israelites. It served as a constant reminder of God's presence and the need for purity in approaching Him.

Cultural and Historical Context

In the ancient Near East, frankincense was a highly valued commodity, often associated with wealth and luxury. Its procurement involved long trade routes, primarily from the Arabian Peninsula, making it a precious substance. The use of frankincense in the tabernacle and later in the temple underscored the importance of offering the best and most valuable resources to God.

New Testament References

Frankincense is notably mentioned in the New Testament in the account of the Magi visiting the infant Jesus. In Matthew 2:11 , it is recorded, "On coming to the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary, and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented Him with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh." This gift of frankincense to Jesus is often interpreted as a recognition of His priestly role and His divine nature.

Conclusion

Frankincense, as an ingredient of the sacred oil and incense, holds a profound place in biblical worship and symbolism. Its use in the rituals of the Israelites and its mention in the New Testament highlight its enduring significance in the Judeo-Christian tradition.

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Exodus 30:34
And the LORD said to Moses, Take to you sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight:
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