Tekoah, often spelled Tekoa, is a significant location in biblical history, primarily known as the hometown of the prophet Amos. Situated in the hill country of Judah, Tekoah is approximately 12 miles south of Jerusalem and 6 miles south of Bethlehem. This small town is mentioned several times in the Old Testament, serving as a backdrop for various historical and prophetic events.

Biblical References and Historical Context

Tekoah is first mentioned in the Bible in the context of King David's reign. It was one of the cities fortified by Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, as recorded in 2 Chronicles 11:6: "He built up Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa." This indicates its strategic importance in the defense of the southern kingdom of Judah.

The most notable biblical figure associated with Tekoah is the prophet Amos. Amos 1:1 introduces him as "Amos, one of the sheep breeders from Tekoa," highlighting his humble origins and occupation before being called by God to prophesy. Despite his background as a shepherd and a dresser of sycamore-fig trees, Amos was chosen to deliver God's messages, primarily to the northern kingdom of Israel. His prophecies are characterized by a strong emphasis on social justice, divine judgment, and the need for genuine worship.

Tekoah's rugged terrain and pastoral setting likely influenced Amos's vivid imagery and metaphors, which often draw from agricultural and rural life. His messages, though directed at Israel, reflect a deep concern for the moral and spiritual state of the entire nation of Israel, including Judah.

Other Biblical Mentions

Tekoah is also noted in the account of the wise woman of Tekoah, who was employed by Joab to persuade King David to reconcile with his estranged son Absalom (2 Samuel 14:2-20). This account illustrates the town's reputation for wisdom and the influential role its inhabitants could play in the affairs of the kingdom.

In the post-exilic period, Tekoah is mentioned in the book of Nehemiah. The men of Tekoah were among those who participated in the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem under Nehemiah's leadership (Nehemiah 3:5, 27). However, it is noted that their nobles did not support the work, highlighting a division in commitment among the people of Tekoah.

Archaeological and Geographical Insights

Modern archaeological findings have identified the ancient site of Tekoah with the present-day Khirbet Tuqu'. The area is characterized by its rocky hills and sparse vegetation, consistent with the biblical descriptions of a pastoral and agrarian community. The geographical location of Tekoah provided a vantage point over the surrounding wilderness, which may have contributed to its role in regional defense and communication.

Theological Significance

Tekoah's association with Amos underscores the biblical theme that God often chooses unlikely individuals from humble beginnings to fulfill His purposes. Amos's prophetic ministry from Tekoah serves as a reminder of God's concern for justice and righteousness, transcending social and economic status. The town's repeated mention in various biblical narratives highlights its enduring role in the spiritual and historical landscape of Israel.Amos 1:1
The words of Amos, who was among the herdsmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.
Nave's Topical Index

The Prophet Amos.
... i.1: "Who was among the herdmen of Tekoah." If there ... 28:49 ff., beyond the definiteness
of which Amos does not go ... a bear meets him; and he comes home, and leans ...
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