The phrase "Reign of Fifty-Five Years" is most notably associated with the reign of King Manasseh of Judah, as recorded in the Old Testament. Manasseh, the son of King Hezekiah, ascended to the throne at the age of twelve and reigned in Jerusalem for fifty-five years, making his reign the longest of any king in the history of Judah or Israel. His reign is detailed in 2 Kings 21:1-18 and 2 Chronicles 33:1-20.

Historical Context

Manasseh's reign began around 697 BC, following the death of his father, Hezekiah, who was known for his faithfulness to God and religious reforms. In stark contrast, Manasseh's rule is characterized by a significant departure from the religious practices established by his father. His reign is often viewed as a period of spiritual decline and moral corruption in Judah.

Religious Practices and Idolatry

Manasseh is infamously known for his promotion of idolatry and pagan practices. According to 2 Kings 21:2-6 , "He did evil in the sight of the LORD, following the abominations of the nations that the LORD had driven out before the Israelites." He rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed, erected altars for Baal, made an Asherah pole, and worshiped all the host of heaven. Furthermore, he practiced witchcraft, divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists, provoking the LORD to anger.

Desecration of the Temple

One of the most egregious acts committed by Manasseh was the desecration of the Temple in Jerusalem. He placed altars for foreign gods within the Temple courts, an act that directly violated the sanctity of the place where the LORD had chosen to put His Name. 2 Kings 21:7 states, "In both courtyards of the house of the LORD, he built altars to all the host of heaven."

Persecution and Bloodshed

Manasseh's reign was also marked by violence and persecution. Jewish tradition and historical accounts suggest that he was responsible for the shedding of much innocent blood, filling Jerusalem from one end to the other (2 Kings 21:16). This period of bloodshed is believed to have included the persecution of prophets and faithful followers of Yahweh.

Repentance and Restoration

Despite his extensive wickedness, the narrative in 2 Chronicles 33:10-13 provides a remarkable account of Manasseh's repentance. After being taken captive by the Assyrians and brought to Babylon, Manasseh sought the LORD in his distress and humbled himself greatly. The LORD was moved by his entreaty and brought him back to Jerusalem, where Manasseh recognized the LORD as God. Upon his return, he undertook efforts to restore proper worship, removing foreign gods and idols from the Temple and restoring the altar of the LORD.

Legacy and Impact

Manasseh's reign had a profound impact on the spiritual and political landscape of Judah. His initial actions set a precedent for idolatry and apostasy that would have lasting consequences for the nation. Although he repented later in life, the damage done during his reign contributed to the eventual downfall of Judah and its exile to Babylon. His son, Amon, succeeded him and continued in his father's early ways, further entrenching the nation's departure from God.

The reign of Manasseh serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, yet it also highlights the possibility of redemption and forgiveness through genuine repentance.