Introduction:
Sard, often referred to as Sardius, is a precious stone mentioned in the Bible, known for its deep red color. It is a variety of the mineral chalcedony and is closely related to carnelian. Sard holds significant symbolic and historical importance in biblical texts, particularly in the context of the High Priest's breastplate and the foundations of the New Jerusalem.

Biblical References:

1. High Priest's Breastplate:
Sard is first mentioned in the context of the High Priest's breastplate, a sacred garment worn by the High Priest of Israel. In Exodus 28:17, the breastplate is described as having four rows of stones, with sard being one of the stones in the first row: "And mount on it a setting of stones—four rows of stones: a row of sardius, topaz, and carbuncle shall be the first row" . This breastplate, also known as the Breastplate of Judgment, was used for discerning God's will and was a symbol of the twelve tribes of Israel.

2. Ezekiel's Vision:
In Ezekiel 28:13, sard is mentioned as one of the precious stones that adorned the King of Tyre, symbolizing beauty and wealth: "You were in Eden, the garden of God; every kind of precious stone adorned you: ruby, topaz, and diamond; beryl, onyx, and jasper; sapphire, turquoise, and emerald. Your mountings and settings were crafted in gold, prepared on the day of your creation" . Here, sard is translated as "ruby" in some versions, indicating its red hue.

3. The New Jerusalem:
In the Book of Revelation, sard is mentioned as part of the vision of the New Jerusalem. Revelation 21:19-20 describes the foundations of the city walls adorned with various precious stones, including sard: "The foundations of the city walls were adorned with every kind of precious stone: The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald, the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst" . Here, sard is associated with the sixth foundation, often translated as "carnelian."

Symbolism and Significance:

· Symbol of Tribes and Divine Judgment:
As part of the High Priest's breastplate, sard represents one of the twelve tribes of Israel, though the specific tribe associated with each stone is not definitively stated in Scripture. The breastplate's use in seeking divine judgment underscores sard's role in representing God's guidance and presence among His people.

· Beauty and Wealth:
In Ezekiel's vision, sard symbolizes the opulence and splendor of the King of Tyre, reflecting the stone's association with beauty and wealth. This imagery serves as a reminder of the transient nature of earthly riches compared to the eternal value of spiritual wealth.

· Eternal Glory:
In Revelation, sard's inclusion in the foundations of the New Jerusalem signifies the eternal glory and beauty of God's heavenly kingdom. The use of precious stones in the city's description highlights the incomparable majesty and perfection of the new creation.

Conclusion:
While sard is not extensively mentioned in the Bible, its appearances carry deep symbolic meaning, reflecting themes of divine judgment, beauty, wealth, and eternal glory. As a precious stone, sard serves as a reminder of the richness of God's creation and the splendor of His eternal kingdom.(n.) A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color. See Chalcedony.4556. sardion -- sard, a sardian (stone)
... sard, a sardian (stone). Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: sardion Phonetic
Spelling: (sar'-dee-os) Short Definition: carnelian Definition: carnelian ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4556.htm - 6k

Bibliograficeskij Ukazatel' Pecatnyh Izdanij Apostol'skih I ...
... k 10 pravilu Ankirsk., 3 Sard., 4 Karfag. io dvukratnom sobore 861 g.), a po mestam
i samyj tekst ne ispraven (napr., v 13-m prav. I-go vsel. sobora). ...
/.../bibliograficeskij ukazatel pecatnyh izdanij apostolskih.htm

Hosius, Bishop of the City of Corduba, Said: a Prevalent Evil...
... Van Espen. (Dissert. in Synod. Sard., Sec. II. [389] ). What Peter de Marca
says (De Concordia Sacerdotii et Imp., Lib. V., cap. ...
/.../schaff/the seven ecumenical councils/canon i hosius bishop of.htm

Letter Xlix. --Letter to Dracontius . Written AD 354 or 355.
... Ar.) and the Move' of Vit. Pachom. c. 72. [4623] Paulus, perhaps identical
with the Philo' of Sard. subsc. and Vit. Pach. ubi supr. ...
/.../select works and letters or athanasius/letter xlix letter to dracontius.htm

Sard (1 Occurrence)
... See Chalcedony. Multi-Version Concordance Sard (1 Occurrence). Revelation
4:3 that looked like a jasper stone and a sardius. There ...
/s/sard.htm - 6k

Sardonyx (1 Occurrence)
... (Revelation 21:20), a species of the carnelian combining the sard and the onyx,
having three layers of opaque spots or stripes on a transparent red basis. ...
/s/sardonyx.htm - 7k

Encircled (17 Occurrences)
... Revelation 4:3 The appearance of Him who sat there was like jasper or sard; and
encircling the throne was a rainbow, in appearance like an emerald. (See NIV). ...
/e/encircled.htm - 11k

Encircling (6 Occurrences)
... Revelation 4:3 The appearance of Him who sat there was like jasper or sard; and
encircling the throne was a rainbow, in appearance like an emerald. (WEY). ...
/e/encircling.htm - 8k

Sardoin (2 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary (n.) Sard; carnelian. Multi-Version Concordance
Sardoin (2 Occurrences). Exodus 28:17 And thou shalt set ...
/s/sardoin.htm - 7k

Sardeus

/s/sardeus.htm - 6k

Sarchedonus

/s/sarchedonus.htm - 6k

Appearance (126 Occurrences)
... Revelation 4:3 The appearance of Him who sat there was like jasper or sard; and
encircling the throne was a rainbow, in appearance like an emerald. ...
/a/appearance.htm - 41k

Appeared (137 Occurrences)
... Revelation 4:3 The appearance of Him who sat there was like jasper or sard; and
encircling the throne was a rainbow, in appearance like an emerald. (See RSV). ...
/a/appeared.htm - 35k

Sard: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

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