Caves were Used as Burial Places
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In biblical times, caves were commonly used as burial places, serving as significant sites for interment and memorialization. The use of caves for burials is well-documented in the Scriptures, reflecting both practical and spiritual considerations of the ancient Near Eastern cultures.

Abraham and the Cave of Machpelah

One of the most notable examples of a cave used for burial is the Cave of Machpelah, which Abraham purchased as a family tomb. In Genesis 23:19 , it is recorded, "After this, Abraham buried his wife Sarah in the cave of the field at Machpelah near Mamre (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan." This cave became the burial site for several patriarchs and matriarchs, including Abraham himself, Isaac, Rebekah, Leah, and Jacob (Genesis 49:29-32; 50:13).

The purchase of the cave from Ephron the Hittite is significant, as it represents the first piece of the Promised Land owned by Abraham and his descendants. The transaction is detailed in Genesis 23, emphasizing the importance of securing a permanent burial site for his family.

Caves in the Time of the Judges and Kings

Caves continued to serve as burial places during the period of the Judges and the monarchy. In Judges 8:32 , it is noted that Gideon was buried "in the tomb of his father Joash in Ophrah of the Abiezrites." While not explicitly stated as a cave, the use of familial burial sites was common, and caves often served this purpose.

The burial of kings in caves is also recorded. For instance, 1 Kings 2:10 states, "Then David rested with his fathers and was buried in the City of David." While the specific mention of a cave is absent, the tradition of using caves or rock-hewn tombs for royal burials was prevalent, as seen in the archaeological findings in the region.

New Testament References

In the New Testament, the burial of Jesus Christ in a rock-hewn tomb is a significant event. Matthew 27:60 describes Joseph of Arimathea placing Jesus' body "in his own new tomb, which he had cut out of the rock." This aligns with the Jewish custom of using caves or carved tombs for burial, highlighting the continuity of this practice into the first century A.D.

The use of caves as burial places in biblical times underscores the cultural and religious importance of proper burial practices. These sites were not only practical due to the natural landscape but also held deep familial and spiritual significance, serving as lasting memorials for the deceased.
Torrey's Topical Textbook
Genesis 23:19
And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

John 11:38
Jesus therefore again groaning in himself comes to the grave. It was a cave, and a stone lay on it.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Library

Jesus in the Tomb.
... recently dug out in the rock, which had never been used. ... and surmounted by an
arch.[3] As these caves were dug out ... Sozomen, HE, ii.1.) Even if we were to admit ...
//christianbookshelf.org/renan/the life of jesus/chapter xxvi jesus in the.htm

The Census and the Journey of the Holy Family
... stone trough lying on the ground and used for cattle ... one came to the entrances of
other caves higher up. There were also several deep passages running into the ...
/.../emmerich/the life of the blessed virgin mary/x the census and the.htm

The Death of the Blessed virgin Mary at Ephesus
... families and holy women had already settled here, some in caves in the ... use) to be
set up against the wall and used at the ... Lamps were burning above the altar. ...
/.../emmerich/the life of the blessed virgin mary/xviii the death of the.htm

Pagan Cemeteries.
... There are also artificial caves, formed by horizontal courses ... Pope Donnus, and its
materials were used in the ... the Greens themselves had their burial-ground on ...
/.../lanciani/pagan and christian rome/chapter vi pagan cemeteries.htm

Letter cviii. To Eustochium.
... as she was she climbed the mountain on foot; for in two of its caves Obadiah in ... All
the sisters were clothed alike ... Linen was not used except for drying the hands ...
/.../jerome/the principal works of st jerome/letter cviii to eustochium.htm

The Death and the Raising of Lazarus - the Question of Miracles ...
... [4796] But cemeteries, or common burying-places, appear in earliest times to have
been used only for the ... [4826] The larger caves or vaults were 6 cubits (9 ...
/.../edersheim/the life and times of jesus the messiah/chapter xxi the death and.htm

Syria at the Beginning of the Egyptian Conquest
... bulk of the people lived in tents or in caves on the ... Hieratic docket to have come
from Naharaim has been used as a proof that the countries were identical; I ...
/.../chapter iisyria at the beginning.htm

The Life of Mr. Alexander Peden.
... well and not sparing himself, though I think he hath not been used to it ... he wished
that the Lord's people might be hid in their caves as if they were not in ...
/.../howie/biographia scoticana scots worthies/the life of mr alexander 2.htm

In Death and after Death
... or of compounds, vegetables being far more used than minerals ... If the grave were in
a public cemetery, at ... The caves, or rock-hewn sepulchres, consisted of an ante ...
/.../edersheim/sketches of jewish social life/chapter 10 in death and.htm

On the Return of Flavian the Bishop, and the Reconciliation of the ...
... The demons have lately used all their efforts, that they may ... his private affairs,
as if they were at their ... themselves many days and nights in caves, and ravines ...
/.../chrysostom/on the priesthood/homily xxi on the return.htm

Resources
What was the Cave of Adullam? | GotQuestions.org

What is Mithraism? | GotQuestions.org

Islamic antichrist? Will the antichrist be a Muslim? | GotQuestions.org

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