Topical Bible: Creditors: Prohibited From: Exacting Usury from Brethren

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Topical Encyclopedia

In the biblical context, the term "creditor" refers to an individual or entity that lends money or goods to another, expecting repayment. The practice of lending and borrowing is addressed in various passages throughout the Bible, with specific instructions given to the Israelites regarding the treatment of fellow brethren in financial matters. One of the key prohibitions placed upon creditors is the exaction of usury, or interest, from their fellow Israelites.

Biblical Prohibition Against Usury

The prohibition against charging interest to fellow Israelites is rooted in the covenantal relationship that God established with His people. This command is articulated in several passages, emphasizing the importance of compassion and fairness within the community of believers.

1. Exodus 22:25 : "If you lend money to one of My people among you who is poor, you must not act as a creditor to him; you are not to charge him interest."

This verse underscores the expectation that lending to a fellow Israelite, particularly one who is poor, should be an act of kindness rather than an opportunity for profit. The prohibition against acting as a creditor with interest reflects a broader principle of mercy and support within the community.

2. Leviticus 25:35-37 : "If your brother becomes impoverished and cannot support himself among you, help him as you would a foreigner or stranger, so that he can continue to live among you. Do not take any interest or profit from him, but fear your God, so that your brother can continue to live among you. You must not lend him your money at interest or sell him your food at a profit."

Here, the command is expanded to include not only money but also food, emphasizing that the well-being of a brother should take precedence over financial gain. The directive to "fear your God" serves as a reminder that these laws are grounded in reverence for God and His commandments.

3. Deuteronomy 23:19-20 : "Do not charge your brother interest on money, food, or any other type of loan. You may charge a foreigner interest, but you must not charge your brother interest, so that the LORD your God may bless you in everything to which you put your hand in the land you are entering to possess."

This passage distinguishes between Israelites and foreigners, allowing interest to be charged to the latter but not to fellow Israelites. The promise of divine blessing for obedience highlights the spiritual significance of adhering to this command.

Theological and Ethical Implications

The prohibition against usury among brethren reflects a broader biblical ethic of love, justice, and community solidarity. It underscores the principle that financial transactions should not exploit the vulnerable or create undue burdens on those within the covenant community. By forbidding interest on loans to fellow Israelites, the law seeks to prevent the accumulation of wealth at the expense of others and to promote economic equity and mutual support.

The biblical injunctions against usury also serve as a reminder of God's provision and care for His people. By trusting in God's blessings rather than seeking profit from one's neighbor, the Israelites were called to demonstrate their faith in God's sufficiency and their commitment to His commandments.

In summary, the biblical prohibition against creditors exacting usury from their brethren is a significant aspect of the economic and social laws given to Israel. It reflects a divine mandate for compassion, fairness, and community integrity, encouraging believers to prioritize relationships and spiritual values over material gain.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Exodus 22:25
If you lend money to any of my people that is poor by you, you shall not be to him as an usurer, neither shall you lay on him usury.
Torrey's Topical Textbook