The Midianites were a nomadic people descended from Midian, one of the sons of Abraham through his wife Keturah, as recorded in Genesis 25:1-2. They are frequently mentioned in the Old Testament, often in conflict with the Israelites. The Midianites inhabited the region east of the Jordan River and the Sinai Peninsula, and they were known for their involvement in trade and their pastoral lifestyle.

The Midianites first appear in the biblical narrative during the time of Moses. Moses fled to the land of Midian after killing an Egyptian, and there he married Zipporah, the daughter of Jethro, a priest of Midian (Exodus 2:15-21). The Midianites later became adversaries of Israel during the wilderness wanderings, notably when they seduced the Israelites into idolatry and immorality at Baal Peor, leading to a divine judgment against them (Numbers 25:1-9).

The Midianites are perhaps best known for their oppression of Israel during the time of the Judges. They, along with the Amalekites and other eastern peoples, invaded Israel, devastating the land and impoverishing the Israelites. This oppression led to the rise of Gideon, whom God called to deliver Israel from Midianite control. Gideon famously defeated the Midianites with just 300 men, as recorded in Judges 6-8.

The conquest of the Midianites by Hadad is a less frequently discussed event in the biblical narrative. Hadad, a name associated with several figures in the Bible, is most notably recognized as a king of Edom who opposed Israel during the reign of King Solomon (1 Kings 11:14-25). However, the specific conquest of the Midianites by a figure named Hadad is not explicitly detailed in the canonical texts of the Bible. It is possible that this event is referenced in extra-biblical traditions or historical records not included in the biblical canon.

The Midianites, as a people, eventually faded from prominence in the biblical narrative. Their interactions with Israel, however, serve as a testament to the recurring theme of conflict and deliverance that characterizes much of Israel's history. The Midianites' role in biblical history underscores the challenges faced by the Israelites in maintaining their covenantal faithfulness amidst surrounding pagan influences.Genesis 36:25
And the children of Anah were these; Dishon, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

1 Chronicles 1:46
And when Husham was dead, Hadad the son of Bedad, which smote Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name of his city was Avith.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

The Nations of the South-East
... The supreme Baal was the Sun-god Hadad; another god ... 105 AD that the Nabathean state
was conquered by Rome ... Southward of the Ishmaelites came the Midianites. ...
/.../sayce/early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter iii the nations of.htm

The Antiquities of the Jews
... CHAPTER 6. How The Midianites And Other Nations Fought ... CHAPTER 4. That When David
Had Conquered The Philistines ... How Hadad King Of Damascus And Of Syria, Made ...
//christianbookshelf.org/josephus/the antiquities of the jews/

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
... Edomites, Arabs, and Midianites were associated with this semi-Canaanite stock"for ...
and won back from them all the territory they had conquered.* One passage ...
/.../chapter iiithe hebrews and the.htm

And ii.
... in the time before Moses, the Edomitic king, Hadad, smote Midian ... think only of that
branch of the Midianites who had ... It may be that Bozrah was conquered by the ...
/.../hengstenberg/christology of the old testament/chap i and ii.htm

The First Chaldaean Empire and the Hyksos in Egypt
... Finally, the only one of their gods known to us, Hadad, was a Semite deity ... to his
Chaldaean battalions, the army of foreigners who had conquered the maritime ...
/.../chapter ithe first chaldaean empire.htm

Why is Gideon referred to as Jerubbaal? | GotQuestions.org

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